Exam 1 - Ch 2

Question 1

the force that moves people towards a desired outcome

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

a desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish

Answer 2

goal

Question 3

what is an example of automaticity

Answer 3

driving home for the 100th time

Question 4

process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment

Answer 4

attention

Question 5

ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance

Answer 5

automaticity

Question 6

true or false: when told not to think about something it’s hard not to

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true or false: an emergent danger or threat can cause use to shift thoughts

Answer 7

true

Question 8

smelling a perfume and thinking of your mom is an example of what

Answer 8

sensory memory

Question 9

what is an exemplar

Answer 9

mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual

Question 10

what is a schema

Answer 10

abstract idea about something, a person, a place, or thing

Question 11

process of activating knowledge or goals, making them ready for use

Answer 11

priming

Question 12

when something is easily activated, primed, ready for use

Answer 12

chronically accessible

Question 13

true or false: chronically accessible are those thoughts that come to mind more easily than others

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what are the three general types of feelings

Answer 14

attitudes, emotions, and moods

Question 15

favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea

Answer 15

attitude

Question 16

relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions

Answer 16

emotions

Question 17

what are some examples of emotions

Answer 17

fear, joy, anger, guilt

Question 18

feelings that are less focused and longer lasting than emotions

Answer 18

mood

Question 19

why may some individuals not accurately or truly report their feelings

Answer 19

because depending in the situation or setting they may be inappropriate or undesirable

Question 20

what are some psychological measures used to asses feelings

Answer 20

blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, sweating - PET Scan and fMRI

Question 21

true or false: our genes give us certain emotions, moods, and attitudes

Answer 21

true

Question 22

human tendency of imagining alternative versions of events that have already ocurres - the “what ifs”

Answer 22

counterfactual thinking

Question 23

what is the primary role of emotions

Answer 23

to alert us when something is not normal

Question 24

true or false: our attitudes on something may cause us to quickly approach something or avoid something

Answer 24

true

Question 25

true or false: moods prepare us to deal w current emotions

Answer 25

true

Question 26

positive emotions have what effect on physical stress caused by negative life events

Answer 26

positive emotions DECREASE stress

Question 27

true or false: feelings are NECESSARY and FUNCTIONAL

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what is the self concept

Answer 28

mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves

Question 29

our attitude toward ourselves

Answer 29

self-esteem

Question 30

if we have positive feelings about ourselves then we are more likely to have a ________

Answer 30

higher self esteem

Question 31

if we have negative feelings towards ourselves then we are more likely to have a _________

Answer 31

lower self esteem

Question 32

true or false: we all have different selves, that are linked to different roles such as being a mom, being a daughter, being a wife

Answer 32

true

Question 33

true or false: we have a self linked to the future - the person we hope to become

Answer 33

true

Question 34

what is the collective self

Answer 34

the self that belongs to different groups - women, Mexican, Latina

Question 35

where does the self concept and self esteem come from

Answer 35

processes such as social comparison, reflected appraisal process, and self perception processes

Question 36

what is the social comparison

Answer 36

process where people learn about themselves by comprising abilities, attitudes, and beliefs

Question 37

what is reflected appraisal process

Answer 37

what we think of ourselves through other's opinions or thoughts about us

Question 38

what is self perception process

Answer 38

where people observe their own behavior to infer their characteristics

Question 39

true or false: we want others to view us the way we view ourselves

Answer 39

true

Question 40

the process through which people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in attempt to reach their goals

Answer 40

self-regulation

Question 41

what is self-presentation

Answer 41

process where we try to control the impressions people form of us

Question 42

an opportunity or threat provided by a situation

Answer 42

affordance

Question 43

what are descriptive norms

Answer 43

a norm that defines behavior people typically perform in a given situation

Question 44

phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others bc everyone acts inconsistently w their beliefs

Answer 44

pluralistic ignorance

Question 45

the whole class is confused or lost during lecture, however no one wants to speak up and ask questions - the professor may perceive that everyone understand the content when in reality that is not the case

Answer 45

pluralistic ignorance

Question 46

what is an injuctive norm

Answer 46

a norm that describes what is commonly approved or disappointed in situation

Question 47

situations in which certain events are expected to occur in a particular sequence

Answer 47

scripted sequence

Question 48

what are strong situations

Answer 48

situations that have more obvious inductive and scripted norms, narrower range of opportunities

Question 49

situations that lack clear descriptive norms and have wide range of opportunities

Answer 49

weak situations

Question 50

where is a place that is a WEAK situation

Answer 50

nightclubs or bars

Question 51

in this culture members think of themselves as individuals and give priority ti personal beliefs

Answer 51

individualistic culture

Question 52

what is the culture where members view themselves as a part of a group and through their relationships

Answer 52

collectivistic cultures

Question 53

what is the person-situation fit

Answer 53

extent to which a person and situation are compatible

Question 54

true or false: situations CAN choose the person

Answer 54

true

Question 55

process whereby a culture teaches its members about its beliefs, customs, habits, and language

Answer 55

socialization

Question 56

what is thought suppression

Answer 56

purposely not trying to think about something

Question 57

true or false: motives push us towards achieving our goals

Answer 57

true

Question 58

what are attunements

Answer 58

skill sets that make you better fit for certain situations

Question 59

true or false: different situations prime different parts of a person

Answer 59

true

Question 60

what is way a person can change a situation

Answer 60

a disagreement can lead to initiate change

Question 61

what is an obvious way a situation can change a person

Answer 61

car accident can cause a person brain damage