Exam 1: Chapters 1-6 Flashcards
(305 cards)
1
Q
eponym
A
term derived from the name of a person
2
Q
acronym
A
terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase
3
Q
hyper-
A
excessive
4
Q
glyc/o
A
sugar or glucose
5
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
6
Q
erythr/o
A
red
7
Q
-cyte
A
cell
8
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
9
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
10
Q
-gram
A
record
11
Q
epi-
A
above
12
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
13
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
14
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
15
Q
aden/o
A
gland
16
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
17
Q
bi/o
A
life
18
Q
carcin/o
A
cancerous/cancer
19
Q
cephal/o
A
head
20
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum (largest part of brain)
21
Q
cis/o
A
to cut
22
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
23
Q
cyst/o
A
urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst
24
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
25
derm/o
skin
26
encephalo/o
brain
27
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
28
gnos/o
knowledge
29
gynec/o
woman, female
30
hem/o
blood
31
hepat/o
liver
32
iatr/o
treatment, physician
33
leuk/o
white
34
log/o
study of
35
nephr/o
kidney
36
neur/o
nerve
37
onc/o
tumor (cancerous)
38
ophthalm/o
eye
39
oste/o
bone
40
path/o
disease
41
ped/o
child
42
psych/o
mind
43
radi/o
x-rays
44
ren/o
kidney
45
rhin/o
nose
46
sarc/o
flesh
47
sect/o
to cut
48
thromb/o
clot, clotting
49
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
50
-ac, -al, -ic, -ical
pertaining to
51
-algia
pain
52
-ectomy
excision, removal
53
-genic
pertaining to, producing, produced by, or produced in
54
-globin
protein
55
-ion
process
56
-ist
specialist
57
-itis
inflammation
58
-logy
process of study
59
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
60
-opsy
process of viewing
61
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
62
-pathy
disease, condition
63
-scope
instrument to visually examine
64
-scopy
process of visually examining
65
-sis
state of; condition
66
-tomy
process of cutting; incision
67
-y
process, condition
68
a-, an-
no, not, without
69
aut-, auto-
self, own
70
dia-
complete, through
71
endo-
within
72
ex-, exo-
out, outside of, outward
73
hypo-
deficient, below, under, less than normal
74
in-
into, in
75
peri-
surrounding, around
76
pro-
before, forward
77
re-
back, backward, again
78
retro-
behind
79
sub-
below, under
80
trans-
across, through
81
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
82
intravenous
pertaining to within a vein
83
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
84
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the bone and joint
85
subhepatic
pertaining to under the liver
86
osteopathy
disease of the bone
87
arthropathy
disease of the joint
88
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
89
cell
fundamental unit of all living things
90
eukaryote
organism consisting of cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a nucleus
91
chromosome
rod-like structures within the nucleus
92
cytoplasm
gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
93
ribosomes
small round organelles whose function it is to make the proteins
94
karyotype
visual of chromosomes- organized profile of a person's chromosomes
95
histologist
scientist who specializes in the study of tissue
96
viscera
internal organs in the main cavities of the body
97
thoracic cavity
contains pleural cavity, mediastinum, and heart (lungs and heart)
98
adip/o
fat
99
sacr/o
sacrum
100
trachea
windpipe
101
lateral
pertaining to the side
102
supine
lying on the back
103
laryngectomy
removal of the voice box
104
laryngitits
inflammation of the voice box
105
types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
106
cranial cavity
brain
107
abdominal cavity
stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver
108
pelvic cavity
portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum
109
spinal cavity
nerves of the spinal cord
110
right hypochondriac region
right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen
111
left hypochondriac region
left upper region below the rib cartilage
112
epigastric region
region above the stomach
113
lumbar regions
right or left middle regions near the waist
114
umbilical region
region of the navel or umbilicus
115
inguinal regions (iliac regions)
left or right lower regions near the groin
116
hypogastric region
middle lower region below the umbilical region
117
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
contains liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines
118
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
contains liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines
119
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
120
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
121
cervical division of the back (C)
neck region; seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
122
thoracic division of the back (T)
chest region; 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12); each bone is joined to a rib
123
lumbar division of the back (L)
loin or flank region between the ribs and the hipbone; 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
124
sacral division of the back (S)
5 bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum
125
coccygeal
the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of 4 fused pieces
126
disc
small pad within the space between vertebrae
127
spinal column
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
128
spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
129
anterior (ventral)
front side of the body
130
posterior (dorsal)
back side of the body
131
deep
away from the surface
132
superficial
on the surface
133
proximal
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
134
distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
135
inferior
below another structure
136
superior
above another structure
137
medial
pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body
138
prone
lying on the belly
139
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
140
sagittal (lateral) plane
lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
141
transverse (axial) plane
horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground
142
pleurodynia
pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing
143
-lysis
breakdown, destruction, separation
144
-megaly
enlargement
145
-ptosis
drooping, sagging, prolapse
146
psychoses
pleural of psychosis
147
ova
pleural of ovum
148
vertebrae
pleural of vertebra
149
bronchi
bronchus
150
spermatozoa
pleural of spermatozoon
151
apices
pleural of apex
152
tonsillitis
inflamed tonsils
153
tonsil
lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat
154
uvula
projection from the middle of the top of the soft palate
155
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
156
blepharoptosis
drooping eyelids
157
arteriole
small artery (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)
158
venule
small vein that carries oxygen poor blood
159
erythrocytes
red blood cells; made in bone marrow
160
-centesis
surgical procedure to remove fluid
161
tonsillitis
inflamed tonsils
162
leukocytes
white blood cells; lacks hemoglobin; defend body against infection and disease by ingesting foreign materials or producing antibodies
163
granulocytes
most numerous of WBCs, rid body of various infection, continuously produced from stem cells in bone marrow; enter bloodstream and circulates for a few hours after which they leave and die
164
basophils (type of granulocyte)
induce allergic inflammatory response
165
eosinophils (type of granulocyte)
destroy parasites, helps with inflammatory response
166
neutrophils (type of granulocyte)
one of the first cell types to arrive at site of infection where they engulf the infectious microorganisms and consumes it
167
thromb/o
clot
168
thrombocyte
platelets; prevent and control of bleeding
169
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of clotting cells
170
acromegaly
endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty
171
tracheotomy
incisions into the trachea typically done to open a blockage; may be performed to remove a foreign body or to obtain a biopsy specimen
172
tracheostomy
opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted
173
streptos-
group of twisted bacteria
174
staphylos-
berry shaped
175
streptococcus and staphylococcus
bacteria that grow in chains or clusters
176
-algia
pain
177
-cele
hernia
178
-coccus
berry-shaped bacterium
179
-dynia
pain
180
-genesis
condition of producing, forming
181
-graph
instrument for recording
182
-graphy
process of recording
183
-malacia
softening
184
-opsy
to view
185
-penia
deficiency
186
-phobia
fear
187
-plasia
development, formation, growth
188
-plasty
surgical repair
189
-rrhea
flow, discharge
190
-sclerosis
hardening
191
-stasis
controlling, stopping
192
-stomy
opening to form a mouth
193
-therapy
treatment
194
-trophy
development, nourishment
195
-er
one who
196
-ia
condition
197
-oid
resembling
198
-ole, -ule
little, small
199
-um, -ium
structure, tissue
200
-us
structure, substance
201
adrenal glands
endocrine glands located above each kidney; secretes adrenaline
202
antibiotics
compound originally derived from a microorganism that destroys or inhibits the growth of another microorganism such as bacteria
203
antibodies
protein substance made by white blood cells, usually in response to the presence of foreign antigens
204
ectopic pregnancy
abnormal pregnancy when the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes, but sometimes on an ovary or in the abdominal cavity
205
dialysis
removing harmful waste products from the body with an artificial kidney machine
206
parathyroid glands
4 endocrine glands located on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland that function separately from the thyroid gland
207
prolapse
to fall or slide forward, often used to describe an organ, such as a prolapsed uterus
208
syndrome
group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together and indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition
209
symbiosis
2 organisms from different species living together in close association, either for mutual benefit or not
210
mutualism
for mutual benefit
211
symphysis
a joint in which the bony surfaces are united by a layer of fibrocartilage
212
Rh condition
an antigen-antibody condition that develops when there is a difference in Rh blood factor (antigen) between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive); red blood cell incompatibility
213
recombinant DNA
taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism
214
exophthalmos
outward bulging of the eyeballs
215
metastasis
malignant tumor that has spread to a secondary location
216
metamorphosis
condition of change of shape or form
217
neonatal
the interval from birth to 28 days
218
malaise
general feeling of bodily discomfort
219
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
220
intercostal
between
221
supra-
above, upper
222
sub-
under
223
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
224
cutane/o
skin
225
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty
226
a-, an-
no, not, without
227
ab-
away from
228
ad-
toward
229
ana-
up, apart
230
ante-
before, forward
231
anti-
against
232
bi-
two
233
brady-
slow
234
cata-
down
235
con-
with, together
236
contra-
against, opposite
237
de-
down, lack of
238
dia-
through, complete
239
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
240
ec-
out, outside
241
eu-
good, normal
242
ex-
out, outside
243
hemi-
half
244
in-
not, into, within
245
infra-
beneath, under
246
inter-
between
247
intra-
in, within, into
248
macro-
large
249
mal-
bad
250
meta-
beyond, change
251
micro-
small
252
neo-
new
253
pan-
all
254
para-
abnormal, beside, near
255
per-
through
256
peri-
surrounding
257
poly-
many, much
258
post-
after, behind
259
pre-
before, in front of
260
pro-
before, forward
261
pros-
before, forward
262
re-
back, again
263
retro-
behind, backward
264
syn-, sym-
together, with
265
tachy-
fast
266
trans-
across, through
267
ultra-
beyond, excess
268
uni-
one
269
amino acids
digestive enzymes breakdown proteins into:
270
rugae
irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering hard palate
271
uvula
fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate which hangs above the throat
272
pulp
lies underneath dentin; soft and delicate tissue that forms the center of the tooth; more sensitive has nerve endings
273
root canal
pulp canal
274
salivary glands
produce saliva which contains important digestive enzymes
275
pharynx
throat; muscular tube which air and food pass through into the esophagus
276
deglutition
swallowing
277
peristalsis
involuntary, progressive rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus that propels a bolus (mass of food) down toward the stomach
278
sphincters
rings of muscles that control the opening in and out of the stomach; prevent food from regurgitation
279
hydrochloric acid
digest protein and kill any bacteria remaining in food
280
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
281
amyl/o
starch
282
bil/i
gall, bile
283
lip/o
fat, liquid
284
anorexia
lack of appetite
285
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
286
choleithiasis
abnormal conditions of stones in the gallbladder
287
cholecystectomy
removal of the gallbladder
288
calculi
stones
289
stenosis
narrowing
290
cheilosis
disorder or condition of the lip
291
mastication
chewing
292
endoscope
device with light attached used to look inside body cavity or organ
293
colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
294
-ectasis
dilation, widening
295
-emesis
vomiting
296
-pepsia
digestion
297
-phagia
eating, swallowing
298
-ptysis
spitting
299
-rrhage, -rrhagia
bursting forth
300
-rrhapy
suture
301
-rrhea
flow, discharge
302
-spasm
involuntary contraction of muscles
303
-stasis
stopping, controlling
304
-stenosis
narrowing. tightening
305
-tresia
opening
