Exam 1: Chapters 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

eponym

A

term derived from the name of a person

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2
Q

acronym

A

terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase

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3
Q

hyper-

A

excessive

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4
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar or glucose

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5
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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6
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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7
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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8
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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9
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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10
Q

-gram

A

record

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11
Q

epi-

A

above

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12
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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13
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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14
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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15
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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16
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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17
Q

bi/o

A

life

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18
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous/cancer

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19
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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20
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (largest part of brain)

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21
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

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22
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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23
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst

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24
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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25
Q

derm/o

A

skin

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26
Q

encephalo/o

A

brain

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27
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually small intestine)

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28
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

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29
Q

gynec/o

A

woman, female

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30
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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31
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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32
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment, physician

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33
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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34
Q

log/o

A

study of

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35
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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36
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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37
Q

onc/o

A

tumor (cancerous)

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38
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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39
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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40
Q

path/o

A

disease

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41
Q

ped/o

A

child

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42
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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43
Q

radi/o

A

x-rays

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44
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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45
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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46
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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47
Q

sect/o

A

to cut

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48
Q

thromb/o

A

clot, clotting

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49
Q

ur/o

A

urinary tract, urine

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50
Q

-ac, -al, -ic, -ical

A

pertaining to

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51
Q

-algia

A

pain

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52
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal

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53
Q

-genic

A

pertaining to, producing, produced by, or produced in

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54
Q

-globin

A

protein

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55
Q

-ion

A

process

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56
Q

-ist

A

specialist

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57
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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58
Q

-logy

A

process of study

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59
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass, swelling

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60
Q

-opsy

A

process of viewing

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61
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

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62
Q

-pathy

A

disease, condition

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63
Q

-scope

A

instrument to visually examine

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64
Q

-scopy

A

process of visually examining

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65
Q

-sis

A

state of; condition

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66
Q

-tomy

A

process of cutting; incision

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67
Q

-y

A

process, condition

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68
Q

a-, an-

A

no, not, without

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69
Q

aut-, auto-

A

self, own

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70
Q

dia-

A

complete, through

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71
Q

endo-

A

within

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72
Q

ex-, exo-

A

out, outside of, outward

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73
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, below, under, less than normal

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74
Q

in-

A

into, in

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75
Q

peri-

A

surrounding, around

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76
Q

pro-

A

before, forward

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77
Q

re-

A

back, backward, again

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78
Q

retro-

A

behind

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79
Q

sub-

A

below, under

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80
Q

trans-

A

across, through

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81
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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82
Q

intravenous

A

pertaining to within a vein

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83
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone

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84
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of the bone and joint

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85
Q

subhepatic

A

pertaining to under the liver

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86
Q

osteopathy

A

disease of the bone

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87
Q

arthropathy

A

disease of the joint

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88
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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89
Q

cell

A

fundamental unit of all living things

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90
Q

eukaryote

A

organism consisting of cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a nucleus

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91
Q

chromosome

A

rod-like structures within the nucleus

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92
Q

cytoplasm

A

gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

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93
Q

ribosomes

A

small round organelles whose function it is to make the proteins

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94
Q

karyotype

A

visual of chromosomes- organized profile of a person’s chromosomes

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95
Q

histologist

A

scientist who specializes in the study of tissue

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96
Q

viscera

A

internal organs in the main cavities of the body

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97
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains pleural cavity, mediastinum, and heart (lungs and heart)

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98
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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99
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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100
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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101
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

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102
Q

supine

A

lying on the back

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103
Q

laryngectomy

A

removal of the voice box

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104
Q

laryngitits

A

inflammation of the voice box

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105
Q

types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

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106
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

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107
Q

abdominal cavity

A

stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver

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108
Q

pelvic cavity

A

portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum

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109
Q

spinal cavity

A

nerves of the spinal cord

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110
Q

right hypochondriac region

A

right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen

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111
Q

left hypochondriac region

A

left upper region below the rib cartilage

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112
Q

epigastric region

A

region above the stomach

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113
Q

lumbar regions

A

right or left middle regions near the waist

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114
Q

umbilical region

A

region of the navel or umbilicus

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115
Q

inguinal regions (iliac regions)

A

left or right lower regions near the groin

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116
Q

hypogastric region

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

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117
Q

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

contains liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines

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118
Q

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

contains liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines

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119
Q

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

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120
Q

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

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121
Q

cervical division of the back (C)

A

neck region; seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

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122
Q

thoracic division of the back (T)

A

chest region; 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12); each bone is joined to a rib

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123
Q

lumbar division of the back (L)

A

loin or flank region between the ribs and the hipbone; 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

124
Q

sacral division of the back (S)

A

5 bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum

125
Q

coccygeal

A

the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of 4 fused pieces

126
Q

disc

A

small pad within the space between vertebrae

127
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

128
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

129
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front side of the body

130
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back side of the body

131
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

132
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

133
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

134
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

135
Q

inferior

A

below another structure

136
Q

superior

A

above another structure

137
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body

138
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

139
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

140
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

141
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground

142
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing

143
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, destruction, separation

144
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

145
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

146
Q

psychoses

A

pleural of psychosis

147
Q

ova

A

pleural of ovum

148
Q

vertebrae

A

pleural of vertebra

149
Q

bronchi

A

bronchus

150
Q

spermatozoa

A

pleural of spermatozoon

151
Q

apices

A

pleural of apex

152
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflamed tonsils

153
Q

tonsil

A

lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat

154
Q

uvula

A

projection from the middle of the top of the soft palate

155
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen

156
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping eyelids

157
Q

arteriole

A

small artery (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)

158
Q

venule

A

small vein that carries oxygen poor blood

159
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells; made in bone marrow

160
Q

-centesis

A

surgical procedure to remove fluid

161
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflamed tonsils

162
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells; lacks hemoglobin; defend body against infection and disease by ingesting foreign materials or producing antibodies

163
Q

granulocytes

A

most numerous of WBCs, rid body of various infection, continuously produced from stem cells in bone marrow; enter bloodstream and circulates for a few hours after which they leave and die

164
Q

basophils (type of granulocyte)

A

induce allergic inflammatory response

165
Q

eosinophils (type of granulocyte)

A

destroy parasites, helps with inflammatory response

166
Q

neutrophils (type of granulocyte)

A

one of the first cell types to arrive at site of infection where they engulf the infectious microorganisms and consumes it

167
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

168
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelets; prevent and control of bleeding

169
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of clotting cells

170
Q

acromegaly

A

endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty

171
Q

tracheotomy

A

incisions into the trachea typically done to open a blockage; may be performed to remove a foreign body or to obtain a biopsy specimen

172
Q

tracheostomy

A

opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted

173
Q

streptos-

A

group of twisted bacteria

174
Q

staphylos-

A

berry shaped

175
Q

streptococcus and staphylococcus

A

bacteria that grow in chains or clusters

176
Q

-algia

A

pain

177
Q

-cele

A

hernia

178
Q

-coccus

A

berry-shaped bacterium

179
Q

-dynia

A

pain

180
Q

-genesis

A

condition of producing, forming

181
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

182
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

183
Q

-malacia

A

softening

184
Q

-opsy

A

to view

185
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

186
Q

-phobia

A

fear

187
Q

-plasia

A

development, formation, growth

188
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

189
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

190
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

191
Q

-stasis

A

controlling, stopping

192
Q

-stomy

A

opening to form a mouth

193
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

194
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

195
Q

-er

A

one who

196
Q

-ia

A

condition

197
Q

-oid

A

resembling

198
Q

-ole, -ule

A

little, small

199
Q

-um, -ium

A

structure, tissue

200
Q

-us

A

structure, substance

201
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands located above each kidney; secretes adrenaline

202
Q

antibiotics

A

compound originally derived from a microorganism that destroys or inhibits the growth of another microorganism such as bacteria

203
Q

antibodies

A

protein substance made by white blood cells, usually in response to the presence of foreign antigens

204
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

abnormal pregnancy when the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes, but sometimes on an ovary or in the abdominal cavity

205
Q

dialysis

A

removing harmful waste products from the body with an artificial kidney machine

206
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 endocrine glands located on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland that function separately from the thyroid gland

207
Q

prolapse

A

to fall or slide forward, often used to describe an organ, such as a prolapsed uterus

208
Q

syndrome

A

group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together and indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition

209
Q

symbiosis

A

2 organisms from different species living together in close association, either for mutual benefit or not

210
Q

mutualism

A

for mutual benefit

211
Q

symphysis

A

a joint in which the bony surfaces are united by a layer of fibrocartilage

212
Q

Rh condition

A

an antigen-antibody condition that develops when there is a difference in Rh blood factor (antigen) between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive); red blood cell incompatibility

213
Q

recombinant DNA

A

taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism

214
Q

exophthalmos

A

outward bulging of the eyeballs

215
Q

metastasis

A

malignant tumor that has spread to a secondary location

216
Q

metamorphosis

A

condition of change of shape or form

217
Q

neonatal

A

the interval from birth to 28 days

218
Q

malaise

A

general feeling of bodily discomfort

219
Q

dysentery

A

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

220
Q

intercostal

A

between

221
Q

supra-

A

above, upper

222
Q

sub-

A

under

223
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

224
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

225
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty

226
Q

a-, an-

A

no, not, without

227
Q

ab-

A

away from

228
Q

ad-

A

toward

229
Q

ana-

A

up, apart

230
Q

ante-

A

before, forward

231
Q

anti-

A

against

232
Q

bi-

A

two

233
Q

brady-

A

slow

234
Q

cata-

A

down

235
Q

con-

A

with, together

236
Q

contra-

A

against, opposite

237
Q

de-

A

down, lack of

238
Q

dia-

A

through, complete

239
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

240
Q

ec-

A

out, outside

241
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

242
Q

ex-

A

out, outside

243
Q

hemi-

A

half

244
Q

in-

A

not, into, within

245
Q

infra-

A

beneath, under

246
Q

inter-

A

between

247
Q

intra-

A

in, within, into

248
Q

macro-

A

large

249
Q

mal-

A

bad

250
Q

meta-

A

beyond, change

251
Q

micro-

A

small

252
Q

neo-

A

new

253
Q

pan-

A

all

254
Q

para-

A

abnormal, beside, near

255
Q

per-

A

through

256
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

257
Q

poly-

A

many, much

258
Q

post-

A

after, behind

259
Q

pre-

A

before, in front of

260
Q

pro-

A

before, forward

261
Q

pros-

A

before, forward

262
Q

re-

A

back, again

263
Q

retro-

A

behind, backward

264
Q

syn-, sym-

A

together, with

265
Q

tachy-

A

fast

266
Q

trans-

A

across, through

267
Q

ultra-

A

beyond, excess

268
Q

uni-

A

one

269
Q

amino acids

A

digestive enzymes breakdown proteins into:

270
Q

rugae

A

irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering hard palate

271
Q

uvula

A

fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate which hangs above the throat

272
Q

pulp

A

lies underneath dentin; soft and delicate tissue that forms the center of the tooth; more sensitive has nerve endings

273
Q

root canal

A

pulp canal

274
Q

salivary glands

A

produce saliva which contains important digestive enzymes

275
Q

pharynx

A

throat; muscular tube which air and food pass through into the esophagus

276
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

277
Q

peristalsis

A

involuntary, progressive rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus that propels a bolus (mass of food) down toward the stomach

278
Q

sphincters

A

rings of muscles that control the opening in and out of the stomach; prevent food from regurgitation

279
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

digest protein and kill any bacteria remaining in food

280
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

281
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

282
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

283
Q

lip/o

A

fat, liquid

284
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

285
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

286
Q

choleithiasis

A

abnormal conditions of stones in the gallbladder

287
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

288
Q

calculi

A

stones

289
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

290
Q

cheilosis

A

disorder or condition of the lip

291
Q

mastication

A

chewing

292
Q

endoscope

A

device with light attached used to look inside body cavity or organ

293
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

294
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, widening

295
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

296
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

297
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

298
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

299
Q

-rrhage, -rrhagia

A

bursting forth

300
Q

-rrhapy

A

suture

301
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

302
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscles

303
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

304
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing. tightening

305
Q

-tresia

A

opening