Exam 1 Concepts Mixed Flashcards
1
Q
Vulgate
A
The Latin translation of the HEBREW BIBLE hebraica veritas
1
Q
Red Sea Reed Sea
A
multiple exodi? across a sea of reeds
2
Q
Divided Monarchy (2 nations/Years)
A
Israel (N) Judah (S) 930-586BCE
3
Q
Hyksos
A
mentioned by the egyptians as outland raiders (could have been the Hebrews) west semites 17th century bce
3
Q
Enuma Elish
A
Another Babylonian creation myth, Marduk vs. Tiamat the sea monster, ending in creation
3
Q
Pithom and Rameses
A
Cities that were possibly built
4
Q
vassal treaties
A
between those of higher and lower status
5
Q
monotheism/henotheism
A
one god/ one main god, others could exist
5
Q
Ketuvim (type)
A
writings
5
Q
Difference between Deuteronomy from CC and HC
A
aimed more at the people as a whole, introducing instructions for all facets of life
6
Q
theophany
A
God revealing himself (sinai, plagues,
6
Q
“Holocaust” offerings
A
wholly burnt
6
Q
kuntillet ajrud
A
multiple locations of worship, multiple YHWH’s?
7
Q
63 BCE
A
Romans enter city of Jerusalem
8
Q
text type
A
a category of texts similar to each other. could be in different languages
8
Q
Jubilee Year
A
ownership returns to original
9
Q
divine election
A
yahweh choosing abram, and issac over ishmael
9
Q
instances of God revealing himself, or divine election: (6-7)
A
abraham (gen 12), not eliezer, not ishmael, issac aquedah, moses, Israel, Aaronide priests
11
Q
Latter Prophets
A
Isaiah, Jeremy, Ezekiel, 12 Minor Prophets
12
Q
Baal
A
Baal fights three main battles
12
Q
JEDP
A
Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, Priestly
13
Q
Hellenstic Period
A
330-63BCE
13
Q
primeval history
A
composite creation account, 7 day p account, then longer storylike j account
14
Q
HOLINESS CODE (chapter)
A
Leviticus 17-26
15
shelamim
innards in sacrifice that can't be eaten
16
aleppo/ leningrad codex
different entire books (text types)
16
Maccabean Revolt
168-164BCE (Basically a revolt against the Hellenistic State, ending in the rededication of the temple)
16
Covenant code
law code of God, exodus 21-23 contains apodictic and casuisitic laws
18
Bible vs. History(3 points)
Years/Generations, No evidence of Israel before 1250, transhumant pastoralism
19
Deuteronomy speeches (2)
starts with sinai, shema,
20
dead sea scrolls
earliest know manuscripts of the hebrew bible
21
Torah (type)
law
23
597-586? BCE
babylonians capture jerusalem, start of exile
24
701 BCE
Sennacarib threatens Jerusalem, but Hezekiah leads a revolt backed by the nubian empire, and Jerusalem is not taken
25
Egypt: Old Kingdom
2700-2160, Sphinx, pyramids
25
etiology
explanation of why things are the way they are
25
the Aqedah
story of issac being nearly killed by abraham
26
ehyeh asher ehyeh
i am who i am,
28
Egypt Middle Kingdom
Contains time of the Hyksos that fractures egypt.
29
Hebrew Bible vs Old Testament
Same content, but different amount of books, and ordering.
31
Babylon
Old civilization that wrote atrahasis
32
Holiness Code
Leviticus 17-26! Reintroduces morality and purity into P. (supplement?) celebrations, sexual relations,
34
Vulgate
Latin bible
34
Name of mountain (2)
Horeb (E and D) Sinai (J and P)
35
(P) Priestly Source (3 things)
Formulaic, genealogy rituals, dates, very specific covenant, communication with God only through priestly intermediates DISTINCTLY JUDAHITE.
36
suzerain treaty layout
preamble, historical prologue, stipulations, desposition on display, witnesses, curses and blessings (ALSO FORMAT OF DEUTERONOMY)
37
J (Jawist) (time, 4 things)
9th century Anthropomorphic , Personal God, theme: promise and fulfillment, Judahite
38
covenant code details:
Exodus 20-23! preamble, ten commandments(apodictic/casuistic),
39
personal creation account given by:
J
41
Hebrew Bible
Tanak: Torah (Law) /Nevi' im (Prophets)/Ketuvim (Writings)
42
3 points of historical empirical evidence:
archaeology, corroboration of other sources
43
Council of Jamnia
2nd c. CE Canon of the Hebrew Bible is finalized
44
levitical priests / josiah
levitical priests may have influenced the writing of Dtn because it doesn't distinguish Aaronhood priests and levites.
45
Massoretic Text
(MT) Original Hebrew Manuscript only consonants
47
Creation (age of earth)? and by whom?
4004BCE acc. Bishop Ussher
47
Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh was powerful, so the gods made enkidu to be an equal. Enkidu was wild, and was tamed by a prostitute. He and Gilgamesh go on adventures together, but in the end, because of their reckless behavior, enkidu has to die. Gilgamesh is sad and tries to find eternal life. The alewife however, tells Gilgamesh that it is the destiny of humans to not live forevermore and so he should just eat, drink, and be merry.
48
Composition vs. Redaction
Writing vs Editing
49
Difference between Deuteronomy from CC and HC
aimed more at the people as a whole, introducing instructions for all facets of life, aimed at the entrance into the promised land as a guide for a whole civilization
51
Palestinian, Babylonian, Tiberian pointing/vocal systems
vowels written below, above, then in comes the massoretic text that was super precise and anal
52
722BCE
Northern Israel Captivity by Assyria
52
Torah
The Pentateuch, or first 5 books of the Hebrew bible, the law.
53
7 day creation account written by:
P
54
Julius Wellhausen
Created the documentary hypothesis
56
Year of Conquest of canaan
1250 B.C.E
57
722, 701, 597, 586, 539
Assyrian destruction of israel, invasion of judah, babylonian exile 1, main exile temple destroyed, persia rules and cyrus allows israelites to return
59
transhuman semi-nomadism
moving up for the summer, down for the winter according to best grazing cycles
60
70 CE
Second destruction of temple
62
Amarna period
Near conversion to monotheism with Aten, the sun disk god. Distinct artist style, Amunhotep -\> Akhentaten.
63
Jerome
Created Vulgate from HEBREW "hebraica veritas"
64
Themes of ANE Literature (3-4)
Anthropology, death (role), enjoying life/civilization, benefits of kingship/order
65
2 things about P creation:
very categorical, liturgical observance of the sabbath
67
LXX
Septuagint (Greek, 70 scholars in separate rooms)
69
(D) Deuteronomist (3 things)
Mostly Deuteronomy, retelling of Exodus, style words phrasing, concerned with covenant, CENTRALIZATION IN JERUSALEM
70
Persian Period
539-330BCE
71
Baal, Asherah, Ashtart
Shema declares loyalty to YHWH alone
72
The Law of Moses
= Torah
73
Difference of biblical c vs. history
bib chron is schematic, specific rhetorial point of israel
75
76
promise
circumcision, yhwh alone, offspring
77
539BCE
King Cyrus of persia takes over babylon and allows the israelites to return
78
Day of Atonement
once a year to cover all sin that wasn't sacrificed for, sins laid on goat who is driven out of camp. second animal is slaughtered
79
70 c.e
Fall of Jerusalem to Romans
80
Former Prophets:
Narratives Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings
81
(E) Elohist (time, 3 things)
8th century bce Concerned with dreams, general god, northern concerns
82
vassal vs. suzerain
normally has a historical narrative explaining why the vassal owes the suzerain something.
83
apodictic vs. casuistic laws
do/do not ~ if, then
84
'adam
man
85
Role of sacrifice in NE
gods dependent on it,
87
Holiness code
concern with morality, calendar, purity, appropriate relations, Jubilee year
88
Shema
Deut 6:4-5 (love the lord your God with all your heart, soul, and strength
89
role of sacrifice in HB
due dilligence, removes sin, God not dependent on it
90
Jean astruc
realized "elohim" vs. "yhwh"
91
Josiah
Southern Judah king who wanted to declare the centralization of the temple in Jerusalem both as a unifying political move, and religious. Possibly his scribes wrote deuteronomy.
93
Doublets
A second account of the same story. Helps to prove that the bible was created from different sources.
94
Sumer (ia)
Oldest known civilization with archaeology. Had cuneiform writing
95
Deuteronomy speeches (2)
starts with sinai, shema,
97
621 bce
josiah's centralization
98
United Monarchy (Kings/Years)
Saul, David, Solomon (1000-930 BCE)
99
The "kabod" of YHWH
literally "glory" aniconism
100
Canaan
Mention apiru could have been "Hebrew"
101
Merneptah Stele
follows Ramses II (first to mention "people ")
102
Mesopotamia
Land around, and between the Tigris and Euphrates.
103
Building of second temple
520-515BCE
104
Nevi'im (type)
prophets
105
Egypt New Kingdom
Probably the Hebrews building Luxor temple and Hatshepsut's tomb. Ramses II is probably the person mentioned in Exodus
106
Atrahasis
Hero of Babylonian flood story, saved by enki. MAIN POINTS: Humans were not destroyed a second time, because the gods are dependent on humans sacrificing, because they like the smell.
107
etiology of humans
human toiling, childbearance,
