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Hebrew Studies: Introduction to Biblical Literature > Exam 2 Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 2 Concepts Flashcards

0
Q

2 reasons that Deuteronomy context is different than CC and HC

A

Deuteronomy includes information about all aspects of life

Written in anticipation of starting a new life in Promised land

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1
Q

2 Rhetorical Elements of Deuteronomy

A

Contains legal information for the entire population

Contains casuistic law and apodictic law

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2
Q

Literary Structure of Dt. (3main parts; give chapters)

A

1-4 First Speech, 5-11 Second Speech, 12-26 Law

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3
Q

Where do the intro speeches begin? What is significant about this?

A

Historical account starts and emphasizes Sinai, therefore, the LAW makes the people.

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4
Q

6 Sections of Dt. As ANE Treaty text: (PHSDWB)(rough)

A

Preamble, Historical Prologue, Stipulations, Display, Witnesses, Blessings/Curses

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5
Q

Last 4 Chapters of Dt. (31-34)

A

31 Joshua, 32 Song of Moses, 33 Blessing of Moses, 34 Death of Moses

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6
Q

Shema (Ch-vv) And what does it signify?

A

Deuteronomy 6:4-5, YHWH is one, and centralization in Jerusalem

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7
Q

Kuntillet ‘Ajrud

A

Archaeological wall of YHWH of Samaria vs. YHWH of Teman, YHWH and his Asherah…

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8
Q

Centralization (Year, King, 2 reasons)

A

621 BCE, Josiah, (to unify religiously, and politically in Jerusalem)

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9
Q

Levitical Priests and Deuteronomy/Centralization

A

They could have been involved in writing the book, because there is no distinction of Aaronhide priests. Also this could mean that Deuteronomist is primarily Judahite, but possibly the Northern exiled Levitical priests could have been involved in the writings.

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10
Q

What is the Deuteronomistic History?(Which books? Why is this supposed?)

A

People in the 19 century realized that Deuteronomy has influence of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings. There are instances of specific ideas and vocabulary.

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11
Q

Specific elements that suppose DtrH is influenced by Deuteronomy: (3 things)

A

Name theology, emphasis on covenant law(good/bad), Centralization, Israel has sinned by breaking away from the Davidic Monarchy.

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12
Q

2 Editions of the DtrH by:

A

Wellhausen and Keunen

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13
Q

1st Development Theory of Deuteronomy (Name, Year, Year, 2 facts)

A

Martin Noth, 1943, Deuteronomy redacted 562 BCE (Exilic Era), Anti Monarchic, Used great speeches to organize history.

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15
Q

Noth’s 5 Great Speeches

A

Moses, Joshua, Samuel, Nathan, Solomon

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16
Q

2nd Development Theory of Deuteronomy (Name (Year), two editions (years), Main Point)

A

Frank Moore Cross 1971, Dtr1:620BCE-Dtr2:526BCE, Josiah a hero, culmination (Dtr:1), followed the law, no one else like him.

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17
Q

Joshua (claims vs. reality)

A

describes the conquest of all of canaan, but in reality the cities listed are only a small part, focused on Benjamin and Hazor in the N.

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18
Q

Conquest Model (name, problem, modern belief)

A

William Foxwell Albright, if this was true there would have been more archaeological evidence of conquest, considered fictitious

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19
Q

Immigration Model (names, point)

A

Albrecht Alt and Martin Noth, still considers Israelites to be outsiders, but that they gradually infiltrated Canaan.

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20
Q

Urban Revolt Model

A

George Mendenhall and Norman Gottwald, small villages with canaanite culture pop up in highlands, Mendenhall (moses was the catalyst of revolt) Gottwald (Moses joined a revolt)

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21
Q

Gradual Emergence

A

Modern scholars, Israelites were canaanites who gradually migrated to highlands.

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22
Q

Hexateuch( books, and 2 reasons why)

A

Joshua is a logical climax to Gen-Num, mostly priestly material, crossing of jordan and allotment of land serves as conclusion

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23
Q

Enneateuch

A

(9 books) two major corpora combined at Joshua and Deuteronomy. (Gen-Num +Joshua)(DtrH: [Dtr-Judges, Samuel, Kings])

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24
Q

herem

A

outright annihilation of entire cities in dedication to God.

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25
Herem in Joshua
theologically correct, legitimated by law, pragmatic, and egalitarian (everyone gets equal inheritance)
26
amphictyony
a group of tribes that protects central temple essentially.
27
Judges( 2 main unsavory elements)
no amphictyony, tribes fight, canaanites never completely wiped out of the land,
28
Judges sin cycle
people sin, they are taken over, they pray, they receive a judge that saves them, then they sin again.
29
"Judge"
military leader
30
Judges literary motifs (2) and list stories (4)main
folkloristic hero stories, morality not at stake (ehud assassinates the King of Moab, Jael kills King of Hazor with tent peg, Jeptah sacrifices his own daughter, samson and delilah
31
Judges Kingship
Kingship is at stake, and tribe of benjamin almost destroyed--- at the end, will the institution of a monarchy be good or bad?
32
Samuel Literary Themes
Love, war, friendship, human emotion, adventure
33
Samuel Complexities
Pessimism and Optimism about monarchy, complex characters, deduction of motivation,
34
Eli
Wizened old priest, faithful to God, except his ability to control his sons, who are abusing power.
35
Samuel(person)
Set aside to become priest prophet, and judge by the story of Hannah. Last of the Judges, oversees the transition to Monarchy (starting with Saul)
36
Samuel's opinion of the Monarchy
both ordained by God, and simultaneously a rejection of God
37
Saul
initially humbly becomes king, but later by jealously and paranoia, becomes insane, trying to kill David
38
3 stories of David's ascension to the throne
anointing by clan and house, goliath, and ___
39
Kings as a whole (influence, year span, 3 types of writings)
Influenced by Samuel (DtrH), 400 year span, (Historical Narratives, Prophetic Narratives, Chronicles of the Kings)
40
1.) Historical Narratives
describes internal and external politics, character details
41
Building of the Temple: (chapters, significance)
1 Kings 6-8, Deuteronomistic "NameTheology" YHWH resides in the city
42
Division of the Kingdom (person, event)
Son of Solomon, Rehoboam fails to negotiate with the people of N Israel, because he wants to be harsher with them.
43
2.) Prophetic Narratives
Occur with the North, except with Ahijah and Rehoboam with the South split. This group of literature could have circulated separately.
44
List of 3 Major Prophets and chapters in Kings
Ahijah (1 Kings 11), Elijah (1 Kings 21), Elisha (2 Kings 9) demand reliance on YHWH, and social justice
45
Troubling Aspects with Prophets (3)
Slaughter of Priests of Baal (1 Kings 18), Slaughter of Omride Dynasty (1 Kings 10), She Bear (2 Kings 23-25)
46
3.) Chronicles (Kings) (2 examples of Chronicle omission)
accounts of Kings and battles, but omits many successes of the North. (Example battle of Qarqar 853 BCE Ahab defies Shalmaneser III)(also, Jehu could have been a vassal of Assyria)
47
Destruction of Samaria (year)
722-720BCE
48
Attack on the South by Assyria (year, details, significance
701BCE, countryside destroyed, but Jerusalem survives, beginning of Zion theology
49
Josiah legend vs. actual death
was supposed to live for a long time and be the culmination, but he dies at 39 while doing dealings with the Pharaoh.
50
A glimmer of hope
Jehoiachin released from prison after 37th year of exile and invited to the king's table.
51
Hosea (Date Range, N/S, theme)
In northern kingdom, before fall of northern kingdom 750-720, marriage metaphor
52
Amos (Date Range, N/S, Themes)
760-750, N, Judgement against N, no distinction of israel as God's chosen people, uses traditionas against Israel. SACRIFICES /FESTIVALS MEAN NOTHING WITHOUT A TRUE HEART AND SOCIAL JUSTICE. Also concerned with temples in Dan and Bethel
53
Isaiah (years, n/s, themes)
740-700, S, All of Israel needs to heal through purging and burning
54
Role of biblical prophets (to a point)
Serve as judge, relate to offices
55
597 BCE
Babylon overtakes Jerusalem by siege, first exile, puppet king Zedekiah put on throne
56
586 BCE
Second exile?
57
Prophet intermediaries
necromancer, Roeh, Nevi'im, Nabi Hozeh, diviners, soothsayers, oracle, sorcerers, haruspex, Urim, Thummim, Wizards, Mediums
58
haruspex (what, and 4 examples)
using concrete physical details to make correspondences with the future. Examples include (entrails, bird flight, astronomical events, miscarried animals)
59
Roeh
seers that see visions
60
Nabi
prophets
61
Hozeh
seers
62
Isaiah in 3 parts (content)
First Isaiah= Person himself; Second Isaiah= different prophet different style, vocab, and a focus on returning from Babylon; 3rd Isaiah= after exiles have returned
63
Isaiah (area, time, contemporaries)
Judahite, 740-700 BCE, Hosea (N), Micah (S, Rural)
64
Pseudepigraiphia (what, 3 reasons)
Writing in name of another( bolster's self authority, bolster's past person's authority, may be part of school of followers)
65
Call Narratives
Prophet's calling via divine election, serves as credentials, and impetus of YHWH
66
Isaiah's Call Narrative (chapter, 2 main points)
Isaiah 6, (the burning coals on mouth signify purification)( the fact that Isaiah was able to see God's throne attributes authority to him)
67
Rib (Riv)
Holy courtroom, God is judge and jury, Israel is defendant, accused for unfaithfulness, and is punished through Assyria
68
Syro-Ephriamite War (year, details)
735-733BCE; Aramaean King of Damascus sides with King Pekah of Israel to try to replace Judahite Ahaz from Jerusalem with a more anti-Assyrian King. Ahaz was in trouble and called out to Assyria for help, but in return, Judah contained Assyrian idols, and had to pay.
69
Role of Assyria according to YHWH
tool to punish Israel and Judah, but as they declare victories for themselves, and go beyond their mandate, then YHWH will strike them down.
70
Zion Theology( 2 things, and a conditional clause)(solidification and skepticism)
YHWH is the great King, Jerusalem is the resting place of YHWH, BUT, normally only if the population follows the law of YHWH. (solidified with Jerusalem surviving Assyrian destruction of the South, but could have been a bribe)
71
Micah (year, specific location)
785-710BCE, Judahite/countryside,
72
Micah's concerns (imagery)
apostacy: abandonment of religion, social justice; image of cannibalism
73
Micah's opinion of sacrifice and social justice (chapter, content)
sacrifice is superflous if you don't have the right heart. Micah 6:6-8, "Do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly with your God"
74
Nahum (year, content, rhetoric, literary twist, model) LAST ASSYRIAN TIME PROPHET
615 BCE, relishes destruction of Assyria, acrostic, flips Exod 34 to say God is vengeful, Chaoskampf
75
Zephaniah (year, prediction, format)
620-610BCE, predicts Babylon invasion, seen as an undoing of creation "birds swept away"
76
Out of the frying pan (A) and into the fire (B)
A.) Assyria is gone... B.) Babylon
77
Habakkuk (year, pairing, conversation with God and answer)
610-600BCE, Pairing with Nahum Chaoskampf (chapter 3), converse with God about wrongdoing---God is going to send Babylon to cleanse.
78
Jeremiah (time, origins, prediction and solution)
620-582BCE, Benjamite from exiled Anathoth priest family, predicts destruction of Judah encourages surrender to Babylon.
79
Jeremiad:
Lamentation
80
Popularity of Jeremiah:
Nobody wants to surrender, but he has a following that got him out of jail.
81
Three texts in Jeremiah
Poetic oracles, Prose narratives, Deuternonomistic Speeches
82
Poetic Oracles (Jeremiah text type 1)
spoken in prophet or God's voice
83
Prose narratives (Jeremiah text type 2)
stories about prophet in 3rd person
84
Deuteronomistic Speeches (Jeremiah text type 3)
redactional material to bring book into conformity w/ Deuteronomistic ideals
85
4th Jeremiah text type
Oracles against the nations
86
Septuagint Jeremiah: (2 differences)
1/6-1/8th shorter, and different order
87
Jeremiah Chapter 1
Call narrative (lord touches lips, tries to get out of it, know me in the womb)
88
Jeremiah Chapter 7
Temple Sermon; criticizes empty mantra, "do not trust in these deceptive words, this is the temple of the Lord *3" compares to Shiloh name theology that was destroyed
89
Jeremiah's conflicts with D:
Rejection of Zion theology, Chapter 8, "false pen--peace, peace when there is no peace?"
90
Jeremiah Chapter 18
Oracle of repentance: potter can remold clay
91
Jeremiah Chapter 26
Prose version of Temple Sermon that verifies Jeremiah by citing Micah.
92
Jeremiah's Opinion of a real prophet
If a prophet preaches peace, they can only be verified by time, but if a prophet preaches destruction, then they are truthful because it is not self edifying.
93
Differences between Israelite and Mesopotamian Prophecy ( 2 main ideas)
Israelite prophecies address the whole nation, not just kings, and // confrontation is more prevalent in Israelite prophecy.
94
Early Prophets vs. Writing prophets (besides obvious difference)
confronts monarch, and not main character (obviously one is more verbal vs. written)
95
A specific Israel metaphor:(metaphor)(2 types of writing)(Chapter/verses)
agricultural metaphor as not bearing fruit, poetic and non-poetic, Isaiah 5:1-6
96
Israel Immanuel Oracle (early christian use, literal meaning, other possibility)
Used by early Christians for Jesus's coming, (literally God is with us) (could have also been the name of a child born during 700's BCE
97
Ezekiel( Year, Location, Lineage)
592-580, Judahite exiled to Babylon with the rest in 597. From Zadokite trained priest family.
98
Ezekiel Call Narrative (Chapters, prior theology, 3 descriptions, how he is commissioned)
Chapters 1-3, kabod (glory of God), (Wings like mighty waters, everything was "like" ___, Wheels within wheels) Fed a scroll
99
Merkabah Theology (What is it, connection with Zion theology)
A mobile glory/throne of God, transports Ezekiel, merkabah leaves Jerusalem, and could go to Babylon.
100
Sign Acts (3 examples)
Expressions and examples that are more extreme to drive home a point. (e.g: Ezekiel eating a scroll, the brick act, ezekiel bread)
101
Ezekiel Brick Sign Act
portray Jerusalem on a brick and lay on one side for 390 days for Israel, then your other side for 40 days for Judah
102
Ezekiel Part 1: (chapters, theme, allegory)
chapters 1-24, images of destruction and death for Jerusalem, death of Ezekiel's wife
103
Ezekiel Part 2: (chapters, theme, error and revision error)
25-32, Oracle against nations, Tyre, Egypt
104
Ezekiel Part 3: (chapters, theme (2 intensities))
33-48, Oracles of Restoration, reconstitution of Judah people, but also God reenters the new Temple and will restore Jerusalem to former glory
105
Obadiah (year, time, content)
586, aftermath of Babylonian destruction, similar to Jeremiah 49 with oracles against Edom
106
Deutero Isaiah (chapters, year, lineage, 3 themes)
40-55, 540BCE, (Return from exile (under cyrus), Failure of idols; power of Yahweh, return will be a New Exodus)
107
Isaiah ____ is "comfort", 2 ideas
40; comfort is a verb, Israel has paid her dues twice over
108
Isaiah 40: 3-5 (2 ideas) "every mountain and hill be made low; ... The glory of the Lord shall be revealed"
Shows power of Yahweh, kabod
109
Cyrus the Great according to Bible
could be considered a messianic TOOL.
110
Cyrus the Great (Historical)(item, tactics, interaction with Babylonian people,
the clay cylinder, allows peoples to continue their beliefs and practices as long as they pay taxes, Claimed that Marduk had sent him
111
Vernon Wayne Howell
David Koresh (cyrus)
112
Isaiah Chapter _____(against idols)(argument vs. fairness)
40; Material idols cannot do anything at all, Babylonians would have seen the idols as a REPRESENTATION, not actual
113
Isaiah Chapter ____ (New Exodus)(similarity, chaoskampf)
43; also in the wilderness, Cut Rahab into pieces (like Tiamat) and pierce the dragon
114
The Servant Songs (most popular location)
52:13-53:12
115
Trito-Isaiah (chapters, year, lineage, theme)
56-66, 520BCE, Judahite Returnee, inclusion of traditional outcasts into the community

Hebrew Studies: Introduction to Biblical Literature (5 decks)

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