Exam 1: Drug Nutrient Interactions Flashcards
(55 cards)
what is the significance of drug-nutrient interactions (DNI)?
Foods can interfere with the bodies ability to absorb a medication, reducing the dose or increasing absorption, which can improve availability of the drug or post the risk for toxicity
What are the 2 pharmacologic aspects of drug-nutrient interactions (DNI)?
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacokinetics
What are pharmacodynamics?
examples
Biochemical and
physiological effects of a drug
examples: drug-receptor interaction, patients functional state, placebo effect
What are Pharmacokinetics
⚬ Absorption (GI tract and administration site)
⚬ Distribution (blood)
⚬ Metabolism (liver, kidney, sites of action)
⚬ Excretion (bile or urine)
If drug is metabolized in the liver, how is it excreted?
Bile
If drug is metabolized in the kidney, how is it excreted?
urine
Interaction effects of pharmacologic aspect of drugs depend on:
⚬ Type of medication
⚬ Form of drug
⚬ Dosage
⚬ Site of absorption
⚬ Route of
administration
Describe effects of food on drug therapy
Absorption
Physical incompatibility
Bioavailability
What is the effect of food on drug therapy during absorption in the following: IV drugs
IV drugs have 100% bioavailability absorption because it is administered IV directly to blood
What is the effect of food on drug therapy during absorption in the following: orally
medicine administered orally decreases in bioavailability
What is the effect of food on drug therapy during absorption in the following: stomach/gastric
- Gastric emptying rate affect absorption by delaying it specially when eating high fat meals or high fiber meals
What is the effect of food on drug therapy during absorption in the following: chelation
- Chelation - binding of a drug with a mineral
- certain medications can bind with cation minerals such as Fe Ca Mg
- Chelation can enhance or dec absorption
What is the effect of food on drug therapy during absorption in the following: adsorption
Adsorption- binding drug with another substance
- examples phytate, oxalates,
What is the effect of food on drug therapy during absorption in the following: pH
- GI pH can inc or dec a drug absorption
What is Enteral Nutrition?
- tube feeding when a patient is NPO
- formula food administered via tube goes through GI tract
Concerns with enteral nutrition
- physical incompatibility
What do you do with Enteral nutrition when physical incompatibility on drug therapy occurs?
Flush tube with water
before and after medication
administration
What medicine is affected by food bioavailability on drug therapy during enteral nutrition?
⚬ Dilantin- anti-seizure medication
⚬ Hold tube feeding for 2 hrs
before and after each dose
how can albumin affect the distribution nutrients/food and drug therapy?
⚬ Albumin is a transport protein that can binds numerous drugs
⚬ Low albumin = larger fraction of unbound drug in the bloodstream
what 3 things affect albumin level
- protein malnutrition
- edema
- inflammation
how can grapefruit affect the metabolism of nutrients/food and drug therapy?
⚬ Substance in grapefruit inhibits the metabolism of certain drugs (statins-cholesterol)
⚬ leads to More drug in circulation, thus possible toxicity
how can sodium and lithium affect the excretion of nutrients/food and drug therapy?
⚬ Sodium and lithium
⚬ Low Na intake promotes lithium resorption lead to toxicity
⚬ High Na intake promotes lithium excretion thus drug is not as effective
How can food and nutrients modify drug action?
- enhance drug effects
- decrease drug effects
Describe the foods and meds that decrease drug effects
⚬ Caffeine and depressants
⚬ Alcohol and stimulants
⚬ Vitamin K (coagulant) and warfarin (anticoagulants)
⚬ Licorice and hypertension meds
Licorice and hypertension meds
