Exam 4: MNT for CVD hypertension Flashcards
(80 cards)
blood pressure normal values
<120/<80 mm Hg
blood pressure elevated values
systolic between 120-129mm Hg and diastolic <80 mmHg
stage 1 hypertension values
systolic between 130-139mm Hg and diastolic 80-89 mmHg
stage 2 hypertension values
systolic between >= 140mm Hg and diastolic >= 90 mmHg
Hypertension Risk factors
- age
- genes
- smoking
- obesity
- atherosclerosis
- stress
- inactivity
- diabetes
- hyperhomocysteinanemia
- endothelial dysfunction
- high sat/cholesterol diet
- ehtnicity
patients with hypertension are at an increased risk for developing ?
- heart failure
- MI
- stroke
- renal disease
Which ethnicity at risk for H
AA
T/F hypertension typically have no symptoms
True, called silent killer
how does the body regulate pressure
what are the 2 mechanisms does the body have for controlling BP?
-Sympathetic Nervous system
- Kidneys
What are the SNS 2 main components in bp regulation
s________-__________ ________
(hormone?)
- short-term control
- norepinephrine (vasoconstrictor) (also epi)
E and NE can ___________ blood vessels.
vasoconstrict
when body is in flight or fight mode, the SNS short term response will be for the body to release NE which will _____________ BP
raise
the kidney is responsible for the __________-_________ control of BP
long-term
the kidney is responsible for the long-term control of BP via the _____-_________ cascade
renin-angiotensin
how can the kidney regulate bp?
kidney role is to filter blood so when there is less blood flow it senses a blood pressure drop so kidneys with stimulate the production of renin. Renin will stimulate the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1. Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2. angiotensin 2 is a vasoconstrictor. thus raise bp. angiotensin 2 can also stimulate adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone. aldosterone will promote kidneys to reabsorb Na and H20. reabsorb H20 increases blood volume thus inc bp
list medications that lower bp
diuretic
beta-blockers
ACE inhibitors
diuretics is a medication to lower bp, what are the typeslnames of diuretic medications
Lasix and Aldactone
Beta-blockers is a medication to lower bp, what are the types/names of diuretic medications
drugs that end in -olol
ACE inhibitors is a medication to lower bp, what are the types/names of diuretic medications
drugs that end in -pril
how does the medication diuretics lower bp?
- inc urination
- dec blood volume
- thus lower bp
how does the medication beta-blocker lower bp?
-act on SNS
- prevent release of NE thus prevent vasoconstriction
how does the medication ACE inhibitors lower bp?
- most powerful
- prevent Na and H20 reabsorption so lower blood volume
- prevent vasoconstriction
MNT for hypertension, 3 main goals
- limit dietary Na and Alc
- consume adequate amounts of O3, Ca, Mg, K
- promote DASH diet, physical activity and weight loss
