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PTH 509 Pharm > Exam 1 - Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Drugs Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Aspirin (same for Salicylates?)

  • 4 actions of aspirin
  • Therapeutic uses
A
  • 4 actions =
    • analgesic
    • anti-pyretic
    • anti-inflammatory
    • antiplatelet
  • ​therapeutic uses
    • suppress inflammation/arthritis
    • analgesia
    • reduce fever
    • dysmenorrhea
    • supress platelet aggregation
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2
Q

Aspirin

  • Side effects
  • Toxicity
A
  • Side effects
    • MOA = irreversibly inhibits COX
    • GI: blocks protective prostaglandins
    • blood: increases bleeding
    • Uterus: decreases contractions
    • Kidney: promotes retention
    • Respiration: stimulates
  • Toxicity
    • ​GI-ulcers
    • hypersensitivity
    • overdose
    • pregnancy
    • Reye’s syndrome
    • alcohol
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3
Q

Aspirin

  • Drug interactions
  • Poisoning
  • Contraindications
A
  • Interactions
    • warfarin
    • glucocorticoids
    • alcohol
    • ibuprofen
  • Poisoning
    • death from respiratory failure
    • treat with ventilator
  • Contraindications
    • kidney problems
    • preexisting bleeding disorder
    • history of peptic ulcer/asthma
    • pregnancy
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4
Q

Ibuprofen/Naproxen common names

A
  • Ibuprofen
    • Advil
    • Motrin
    • Nuprin
  • Naproxen
    • Aleve
    • Naprosyn
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5
Q

Ibuprofen/Naproxen

  • Mechanism
  • Which lasts longer?
  • 3 actions
A
  • MOA = inhibits COX
  • Ibuprofen has a shorter duration of action than naproxen
  • 3 actions
    • ​anti-inflammatory
    • antipyretic (fever)
    • analgesic
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6
Q

Ibuprofen/Naproxen

Therapeutic uses

A
  • Therapeutic uses
    • ​suppression of inflammation
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Moderate pain
    • fever
    • Dysmenorrhea (best drug for this)
    • Better tolerated NSAIDs

*** Naproxen only = bursitis/tendonitis

*** Ibuprofen = safe to use with anticoagulants

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7
Q

Piroxicam (aka Feldene)

I dont think we need to know this one

A
  • MOA = inhibits COX
  • antiplatelet like aspirin
  • RA
  • 9.5x higher risk for peptic ulcer and bleeding
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8
Q

Indomethacin: Stuff and common name

A
  • Indomethacin (aka Indocin)
  • MOA = inhibits COX
  • Antiplatelet like aspirin
  • Arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, ductus arteriosus

* inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and inhibit urate phagocytosis

* initial treatment of gout

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9
Q

Celecoxib: Common name

uses

3 actions

A
  • Celecoxib (aka celebrex)
  • MOA = selective COX-2 inhibition
  • OA and RA
  • 3 actions
    • ​anti-inflammatory
    • anti=pyretic
    • analgesic

*** NO PLATELET AGGREGATION

*** causes fewer GI ulcers than other NSAIDs

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10
Q

Acetaminophen

common name

MOA

what does it inhibit

actions

treating

A
  • Acetaminophen (aka Tylenol)
  • MOA = WEAK inhibition of COX
  • Only able to inhibit prostaglandins in the CNS
  • 2 actions
    • ​analgesic
    • antipyretic
    • ****NOT an anti-inflammatory agent!
  • Treating with acetaminophen
    • ​does not cause GI bleeding
    • rarely hypersensitivity

*** categorized as an analgesic

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11
Q

Ketorolac

common name

MOA

other stuff

A
  • Ketoroloc (aka toradol) - only injectable!
  • MOA = inhibits COX
  • alternative for opioid analgesics
  • LESS anti-inflammatory activity
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12
Q

Sulindac

Common name

other stuff!!

A
  • Sulindac (aka Clinoril)
  • Equipotent to aspirin
  • closely related to indomethacin
  • less potent/fewer adverse effects
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13
Q

DOAN’s and Ben-Gay

A

These are other salicylates. Same stuff as aspirin?

Doan’s = magnesium salicylate

Ben-Gay = topical

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14
Q

Methotrexate (type of DMARDs)

speed

side effects

use how often

A
  • rapid acting
  • side effects
    • ​liver fibrosis
    • bone marrow suppression
  • administered once per week
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15
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

Type of DMARDs

treats?

slows?

side effects?

A
  • treats inflammatory bowel disease
  • retards progression of joint deterioration
  • GI and rash
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16
Q

Leflunomide (Arava)

type of DMARDs

What does it do?

side effects?

A
  • Slows formation of bone erosion
  • well tolerated, benefits in 1 month
  • stop lymphocyte activation
  • side effects
    • ​GI distress
    • rash
    • liver function
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17
Q

Entanercept (Enbrel)

A
  • Anti-TNF drug (tumor necrosis factor)
  • cytokines play a central part inflammation. TNF alpha stims release of cytokines
  • side effects
    • ​increase risk of infection
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18
Q

Prednisone

A

a steroid used to treat arthritis

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19
Q

Colchicine

A
  • used to treat gout
  • suppress different phases of leukocyte activation
  • prophylaxis of recurrent episodes of gouty arthritis
  • binds to tubulin
  • troublesome diarrhea
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20
Q

Probenacid

A
  • decreases the net reabsorption of uric acid by affecting the transport sites
  • need large urine volume to minimize kidney stones

*decreases the pool of urate available for gout

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21
Q

morphine (everything but drug interactions and overdose)

A
  • Principal alkaloid in opium
  • Mu agonist
  • does not reach brain quickly
  • Lasts 4-5 hours
    • ​relieves pain
    • mental clouding
    • orthostatic hypotension, constipation, pupil constriction, respiratory depression
    • urinary retention
    • emesis (vomiting)
    • elevation of intracranial pressure
    • tolerance and physical dependence
  • ***only for patients with painful disorders and sharp stabbing pain
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22
Q

Morphine (drug interactions and overdose)

A
  • Drug interactions
    • ​alcohol
    • barbiturates
    • antihistamines-increase respiratory depression
  • overdose
    • ​ventilation and give opioid antagonist
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23
Q

Heroin

A

opioid agonist

gets into brain more rapidly than morphine

no evidence that heroin is more effective than morphine

high abuse potential

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24
Q

Codine

A

opioid agonist

mild to moderate pain

side effects limits the max tolerated

often used in comination with aspirin or acetaminophen

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25
Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet)
opioid agonist ## Footnote never achieve morphine like efficacy schedule II drug
26
Meperidine (Demerol)
opioid agonist ## Footnote shorter duration of action than morphine forms a toxic metabolite that can accumulate
27
Fentanyl (sublimaze)
opioid agonist. Mu agonist ## Footnote -100x more potent than morphine short acting (1-1.5 hours) synthetic heroin -\> health professionals abuse
28
Tramadol (ultraam)
opioid agonist. weak Mu agonist - mild to moderate pain - may cause seizures - useful in chronic neuropathic pain
29
Opioid antagoinists
* Naloxone (Narcon) = mu antagonist used to treat opioid overdoses * Naltrexone (ReVia, Depade) = useful in the treatment of alcoholism
30
Opioid agonist-antagonist
* **_Nalbuphine (nubain)_** * moderate pain * less side effects than agonist * produces more psychotropic effects * Opioid A-A * agonist at kappa; antagonist at mu * less powerful but also less addictive
31
Cromolyn sodium
-antihistamines (Nasalcrom) * stabilizes mast cells and prevents release of contents * takes 2-3 weeks to be effective * side effects * burning * itching * sneezing * coughing
32
Diphenhydramine
(benadryl) * allergies * anti-emetic (vomiting) * available OTC \*\*first generation H1 blocker
33
Dimemhydrinate
* Motion sickness * causes muscular weakness/drowsiness \*first generation H1 blocker (Dramamine)
34
Fexofenadine
* Second generation H1 blocker * allergies * causes less drowsiness * the active metabolite of Terfenadine so does NOT cause toxic cardiac effects like terfenadine (Allegra)
35
Loratidine
* Second generation H1 blocker * allergies * less sedating * once a day, extended release formulas (Claritin)
36
Cimetidine
* H2 blocker * inhibits cytochrome P450 metabolism of other drugs * causes headaches, impotence (erectile dysfunction), and gynecosmastia (breast formation in males) * better medications (this should not be used anymore) (tagamet)
37
Ranitidine
* H2 blocker * heart burn and gastric acid relief * Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (can cause tumors to form?) (Zantac)
38
Famotidine
* H2 blocker * heart burn and gastric acid relief * Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (can cause tumors to form?) (Pepcid)
39
Aldosterone
Most potent mineralocorticoid
40
Bethanechol
* Muscarinic agonists * Relieves urinary retention * side effects * hypotension * excessive salivation/gastric acid secretion * bronchoconstriction
41
Atropine
* Muscarinic Antagonist * give this drug when they have muscarinic poisioning
42
Physostigmine (antilirium)
* Used in antimuscarinic poisoning * inhibitor of AChE * reversible * crosses membranes * Treats * Atroprine poisoning
43
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) \*
* Reversible AChE inhibitor * MOA * binds to cholinesterase preventing it from catalyzing breakdown of ACh * treats * Myasthenia gravis
44
Tubocurarine (Curare) \*
* non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents * MOA * competes with ACh to bind to nicotinicm receptors * muscle relaxes etc. * side effects * respiratory paralysis * hypotension
45
Catecholamines (list drugs)
* Epi * NE * Isoproterenol * Dopamine * Dobutamine \*not orally \***cannot** cross BBB
46
Non-catecholamines (drugs list)
* Ephedrine * Phenylephrine * Terbutaline \*given orally \***_Can_** cross BBB
47
Epinephrine (Adenalin, EpiPen)
* Receptors * alpha 1 & 2 * Beta 1 & 2 * for * anaphylactic shock, delay absorption of anesthetics, hemostasis, overcome AV heart block, pupil dilation, asthma * Catecholamine
48
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
* Receptors * beta 1 & 2 * for * AV heart block, asthma, bronchospasm * Catecholamine
49
Dopamine (intropin)
* Catecholamine * binds * dopamine, alpha 1, beta 1 * for * heart failure, shock, acute renal failure
50
Terbutaline (brethine)
* non-catecholamine * binds * beta 2 * for * asthma, delay of preterm labor * side effect * tremor
51
Ephedrine
* Noncatecholamines * receptor * alpha 1 & 2 * beta 1 & 2 * Mixed drug * for * nasal congestion * narcolepsy
52
Prazosin (minipress)
* Alpha-adrenergic antagonist * receptor * alpha 1 * for * hypertension * BPH * side effect * orthostatic hypotension
53
Phentolamine (regitine)
* alpha-adrenergic antagonists * receptors * alpha 1 & 2 * for * pheochromocytoma * side effects * same as prazosin
54
Propranolol (inderal)
* Beta-adrenergic antagonist * receptors * beta 1 & 2 * for * hypertension * angina * MI
55
Metoprolol (lopressor)
* beta-adrenergic antagonist * receptor * Beta 1 * for * hypertension * asthma or diabetes & angina or MI \*\*\* asthma person cannot use a beta 2 blocker!! So use this!
56
Reserpine
* adrenergic neuron-blocking agent (indirect?) * what it does * suppresses NE synthesis * and displaces NE from vesicles * hypertension
57
Clonidine (Catapres)
* Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist * MOA * activates a2 receptors to decrease transmitter release * for * hypertension and severe pain
58
Methyldopa (aldomert)
* centrally acting alpha 2 agonist * same MOA as clonidine * activates a2 receptors to decrease transmitter release. **_except_** must be converted to methyl-NE * for * hypertension
59
Phenylephrine
* Non catecholamine * activates alpha 1 * for nasal decongestion
60
Furosemide (Lasix)
* High ceiling loop diuretic * most effective * loop of henle * MOA * blocks Na+ and CL- * reabsorbs K+ * adverse effects * dehydration * hypotension * hypokalemia * ototoxicity (start to lose hearing)
61
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydroDIURIL)
* Thiazide diuretic * MOA * blocks Na+ and Cl- * reabsorbs K+ * does * elevates uric acid and glucose * adverse effects * dehydration * hypotension * hypokalemia * not in pregnancy
62
Spironolactone (Aldactone)\*
* Potassium sparing diuretic * modest increase in urine production * decrease K+ secretion * Aldosterone\* * action * retains potassium * excretes sodium * adverse effects * **_HYPERKALEMIA_**\*\*\*\*
63
Triamterene (Dyrenium)\*
* potassium sparing diuretic * modest increase in urine production * decrease in K+ excretion * non-aldosterone \* * MOA * direct inhibitor of potassium/sodium exchange * \*\*quicker * adverse effects * **_HYPERKALEMIA_**\*\*\*
64
Mannitol
* Osmotic diuretic * creates osmotic force as undergoes min reabsorption * uses * intracranial pressure * intraocular pressure * adverse effects * edema (osmitrol)
65
Hydrocortisone
* glucocorticoid * similar to cortisol * also has mineralocorticoid properties * generally safe
66
Fludrocortisone
* Only mineralcorticoid available for replacement therapy. * treats * addison's * hypoaldosteronism * congenital adrenal hyperplasia

PTH 509 Pharm (7 decks)

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