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Anatomy 2 > Exam 1 (heart And endocrine) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (heart And endocrine) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

Carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart

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2
Q

What is the systemic circuit ?

A

Carried oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to heart

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3
Q

What is the epicardium ?

A

The most superficial layer of the heart

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4
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

The layer between the epi and endocardium, the thickest layer, performs the work of the heart

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5
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

The smooth inner lining of the heart, covers valve surfaces

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6
Q

which hormone leads to ovulation?

A

LH (luteinizing hormone)

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7
Q

Type ____ diabetes mellitus is caused by the body’s inability to respond to insulin

A

2

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8
Q

which hormone leads to maturation of the ovarian follicle?

A

FSH (follicle-stimulation hormone)

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9
Q

Which intercellular communication types travel from an axon to a target cell?

A

neurotransmitters

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10
Q

A hormone is secreted because a different hormone signals to an endocrine gland. What type of stimulus is this?

A

Hormonal

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11
Q

A hormone is secreted because a non-hormone is at a high concentration in the blood. What type of stimulus?

A

Humoral

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12
Q

T or F, the nervous system generally has a much more general area of effect compared to the endocrine system

A

false

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13
Q

Which hormones leads to increased sperm production?

A

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

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14
Q

Which hormone helps regulate blood electrolyte levels?

A

mineralocorticoids

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15
Q

Which class of hormones is derived from cholesterol?

A

steroids

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16
Q

which valve is also called the mitral valve?

A

Left AV valve

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17
Q

which feature of an intercalated discs is described here: projections interlocking with the projections of the adjoining disc, providing additional contact surface area

A

interdigitating discs

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18
Q

chemical messengers transported in bloodstream, travel to distant cells, tissues and organs

A

hormones

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19
Q

mechanism of intercellular communication that is secreted into tissue fluids, affect only nearby cells, “local hormones”

A

paracrines

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20
Q

released from neurons, travel across synaptic cleft to another cell

A

neurotransmitters

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21
Q

secrete through ducts, extracellular effects, external secretions

A

exocrine glands

22
Q

secrete into bloodstream, intracellular effects, internal secretions

A

endocrine glands

23
Q

steroids are derived from _______?

A

cholesterol

24
Q

examples of steroids?

A

sex steroids (estrogen, testosterone), corticosteroids (cortisol)

25
Q

monoamines made from __________?

A

amino acids

26
Q

examples of monoamines?

A

dopamine, epinephrine/norepinephrine, melatonin

27
Q

peptides created from __________?

A

chains of amino acids

28
Q

examples of peptides?

A

insulin, oxytocin, glucagon

29
Q

anterior pituitary called __________?

A

adenohypophysis

30
Q

the anterior pituitary communicates with the hypothalamus via

A

the hypophysial portal system

31
Q

posterior pituitary called _________?

A

neurohypophysis

32
Q

what are the two gonadotropin hormones?

A

FSH, LH

33
Q

TSH=

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

34
Q

ACTH=

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

35
Q

PRL=

A

prolactin

36
Q

GH=

A

growth hormone

37
Q

function of FSH in females?

A

stimulates secretion of sex hormones and development of ovarian follicles

38
Q

function of FSH in males?

A

stimulates sperm production

39
Q

function of LH in females?

A

stimulates ovulation

40
Q

function of LH in males?

A

stimulates secretion of testosterone

41
Q

function of TSH ?

A

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone

42
Q

function of ACTH?

A

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

43
Q

function of PRL?

A

stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

44
Q

function of GH?

A

causes growth in many tissues, organs

45
Q

what are the two posterior pituitary hormones?

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and OT (oxytocin)

46
Q

function of antidiuretic hormone?

A

increases water retention, decreases urine volume

47
Q

function of OT ocytocin?

A

stimulates labor contraction during birth; positive feedback

48
Q

function of the thyroid hormone ?

A

increases metabolic rate, appetite and alertness

49
Q

function of mineralocorticoids?

A

regulate electrolyte balance, ex: aldosterone

50
Q

function of glucocorticoids?

A

stimulated by ACTH from pituitary gland, ex. cortisol

51
Q

what are the pancreatic islets?

A

endocrine cell clusters on pancreas

Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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