exam 1 hormone chart Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
what neurohormones are effector hormones
A
vasopressin (AVP or ADH)
oxytocin
2
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces vasopressin
A
magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
3
Q
how many amino acids are vasopressin and oxytocin
A
9
4
Q
what are the two target tissues of vasopressin
A
kidney: water resorption
blood vessels: vasoconstriction
5
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces oxytocin
A
magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
6
Q
what are the two target tissues of oxytocin
A
mammary gland: milk ejection
uterus: contractions during childbirth
7
Q
what are the six neurohormones that are releasing hormones/factors
A
GnRH
TRH
GHRH
somatostatin
dopamine
CRH
8
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
A
preoptic area,
suprachiasmatic nucleus
arcuate nucleus
9
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
A
paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
10
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
A
medial basal hypothalamus
arcuate nucleus
11
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces somatostatin
A
pariventricular nucleus
12
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces dopamine
A
arcuate nucleus
13
Q
what is the location of the cell body that produces corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
A
paraventricular nucleus
14
Q
what is the chemical structure of GnRH
A
peptide
15
Q
what is the chemical structure of TRH
A
peptide
16
Q
what is the chemical structure of GHRH
A
peptide
17
Q
what is the chemical structure of somatostatin
A
peptide
18
Q
what is the chemical structure of dopamine
A
monoamine
19
Q
what is the chemical structure of CRH
A
peptide
20
Q
what is the target tissue and effect of GnRH
A
gonadotrophs - stimulates FSH and LH release
21
Q
what is the target tissue and effect of TRH
A
thyrotrophs - stimulate TSH release
22
Q
what is the target tissue and effect of GHRH
A
somatotrophs - stimulate GH release
23
Q
what is the target tissue and effect of somatostatin
A
somatotrophs - inhibits GH release
24
Q
what is the target tissue and effect of dopamine
A
lactotrophs - inhibits prolactin release
25
what is the target tissue and effect of CRH
corticotrophs - stimulates ACTH and beta-endorphin release
26
what are the three types (groups) of anterior pituitary hormones (tropic hormones)
basophils
acidophils
weak basophil/chromatophobes
27
what are the two basophils
gonadotrophs
thyrotrophs
28
what are the two gonadotrophs
FSH and LH
29
what is a thryotroph
thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
30
what is the chemical structure of basophils
amino acid glycoprotein with two subunits
31
what is the effect and target tissue of FSH
female: follicles in ovary stimulate estrogen production
males: spermatogenesis in testes
32
what is the effect and target tissue of LH
female: corpora lutea in ovary stimulates progesterone production
male: leydig cells in testes stimulate testosterone production
33
what is the effect and target tissue of thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone
thyroid gland stimulates thyroid hormone production
34
what are the two acidophils
somatotrophs
lactotrophs
35
what is a somatotroph
growth hormone (GH)
36
what is a lactotroph
prolactin (Prl)
37
what is the chemical structure of the acidophils
amino acid chain (peptide) closely related in structure
38
what is the effect and target tissue of GH
throughout body to support cellular growth
39
what is the effect and target tissue of Prl
mammary gland - support milk production
40
what are the two weak basophil/chromatophobes
corticotrophs
melanotrophs
41
what are the two corticotrophs
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
beta-endorphin
42
what is a melanotroph
melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
43
what is the chemical structure of weak basophil/chromatophobes
various peptides cleaved from POMC hormone
44
what is the effect and target tissue of ACTH
adrenal cortex - simulates glucocorticoid production
45
what is the effect and target tissue of beta-endorphin
throughout body - endogenous morphine like substance
46
what is the effect and target tissue of MSH
melanocytes - regulate pigment production
47
what is the location of the cell that produces vasopressin
magnocellular cells in the SON and PVN of the hypothalamus
48
what is the location of the cell that produces oxytocin
magnocellular cells in the SON and PVN of the hypothalamus
49
what is the location of the cell that produces growth hormone
somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary
50
what is the location of the cell that produces prolactin
lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary
51
what is the location of the cell that produces beta endorphin
corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary
52
what is the location of the cell that produces thyroid hormones
follicular cells of thyroid gland
53
what is the location of the cell that produces insulin
beta cells of the pancreas
54
what is the location of the cell that produces CCK
duodenum of gut
55
what is the location of the cell that produces ghrelin
GI tract
56
what is the location of the cell that produces leptin
adipocytes (fat cells)
57
what is the location of the cell that produces melatonin
pineal gland
58
what is the location of the cell that produces epi and NE
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
59
what is the location of the cell that produces glucocorticoids (cortisol)
adrenal cortex
60
what is the location of the cell that produces mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
adrenal cortex
61
what is the location of the cell that produces estrogens
follicles of ovary
62
what is the location of the cell that produces progesterone
corpora lutea of ovary
63
what is the location of the cell that produces inhibin
follicles of ovary; testes
64
what is the location of the cell that produces activin
granulosa of ovary
sertoli cells of testes
65
what is the location of the cell that produces chorionic gonadotropin
placenta
66
what is the location of the cell that produces androgens
leydig cells and seminiferous tubules of testes
67
what is the location of the cell that produces mullerian inhibitory hormon
fetal sertoli cells of testes
68
what is the chemical structure of vasopressin
peptide
69
what is the chemical structure of oxytocin
peptide
70
what is the chemical structure of growth hormone
protein
71
what is the chemical structure of prolactin
protein
72
what is the chemical structure of beta endorphin
peptide
73
what is the chemical structure of thyroid hormones
tyrosine derivative
74
what is the chemical structure of insulin
protein
75
what is the chemical structure of CCK
peptide
76
what is the chemical structure of ghrelin
peptide
77
what is the chemical structure of leptin
peptide
78
what is the chemical structure of melatonin
serotonin derivative
79
what is the chemical structure of epi and NE
monoamine
80
what is the chemical structure of glucocorticoids (cortisol)
steroid
81
what is the chemical structure of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
steroid
82
what is the chemical structure of estrogens
steroid
83
what is the chemical structure of progesterone
steroid
84
what is the chemical structure of inhibin
peptide
85
what is the chemical structure of activin
peptide
86
what is the chemical structure of chorionic gonadotropin
protein
87
what is the chemical structure of androgens
steroid
88
what is the chemical structure of mullerian inhibitory hormone
protein
89
what is the target tissue and primary effect of vasopressin
kidney: water resorption
blood vessels: vasoconstriction
90
what is the target tissue and primary effect of oxytocin
mammary gland: milk ejection
uterus: contractions during childbirth
91
what is the target tissue and primary effect of growth hormone
throughout body: supports growth
92
what is the target tissue and primary effect of prolactin
mammary gland: milk production
93
what is the target tissue and primary effect of beta endorphin
throughout body: endogenous opioid that may regulate pain sensitivity
94
what is the target tissue and primary effect of thyroid hormones
throughout body: increases oxidation rates in tissues
95
what is the target tissue and primary effect of insulin
throughout body: mediates glucose uptake
96
what is the target tissue and primary effect of CCK
gall bladder: contraction and bile secretion
brain: may be short term satiety signal
97
what is the target tissue and primary effect of ghrelin
GI tract: regulate motility and secretion
brain: stimulate hunger, regulation of energy balance
98
what is the target tissue and primary effect of leptin
throughout body: may regulate appetite and fat balance
99
what is the target tissue and primary effect of melatonin
throughout body: regulates seasonal reproductive behavior and maybe puberty onset
100
what is the target tissue and primary effect of epi and NE
liver: glycogen breakdown
cardiovascular system: increase blood pressure
101
what is the target tissue and primary effect of glucocorticoids (cortisol)
throughout body: wide range of effects that help protect against physical stress
102
what is the target tissue and primary effect of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
kidney: increases sodium retention
103
what is the target tissue and primary effect of estrogens
uterus and other female tissue: development and growth; secondary sex characteristics
104
what is the target tissue and primary effect of progesterone
uterus and other female tissue: development; maintenance of pregnancy
105
what is the target tissue and primary effect of inhibin
anterior pituitary: inhibits FSH secretion
106
what is the target tissue and primary effect of activin
anterior pituitary: stimulates FSH secretion
107
what is the target tissue and primary effect of chorionic gonadotropin
corpora lutea of ovary: stimulate progesterone production to maintain pregnancy
108
what is the target tissue and primary effect of androgens
male tissue: development and growth; secondary sex characteristics; spermatogenesis
109
what is the target tissue and primary effect of mullerian inhibitory hormone
fetal mullerian duct: mediates regression of tissue
110
what are the two first order hormones
vasopressin
oxytocin
111
what are the 5 neurohormones that are second order hormones
GHRH
somatostatin
dopamine
GnRH
CRH
112
what are the 3 neurohormones that are third order hormones
GnRH (goes to LH and FSH)
TRH
CRH
113
what are the two inhibitory neurohormones
somatostatin and dopamine
114
in normal female development, is the SRY gene present
no
115
in normal female development, is there expression of the SRY gene
no
116
in normal female development, what is the gonadal development
ovary (default pathway)
117
in normal female development, what gonadal hormones are produced
none
118
in normal female development, is there wolfian duct development
no- regresses because it is not exposed to testosterone
119
in normal female development, is there mullerian duct development
yes (becomes fallopian tubes and uterus) because it is not exposed to MIH
120
in normal female development, is the genital skin exposed to DHT
no
121
in normal male development, is the SRY gene present
yes
122
in normal male development, what is produced as a result of the SRY gene being present
TDF
123
in normal male development, what gonads develop
testis
124
in normal male development, what gonadal hormones are produced
testosterone
MIH
125
in normal male development, is there wolfian duct development
yes - it is exposed to testosterone and becomes the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
126
in normal male development, does the mullerian duct develop
no it regresses because it is exposed to MIH
127
in normal male development, is genital skin exposed to DHT
yes
128
what enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
5-alpha reductase
