Exam 1 Important concepts

Question 1

Glycocalyx

Answer 1

Contributes to virulence of parasitic protists

Outermost boundary that comes into contact with environment.

Question 2

Cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 2

Bilayer of phospholipids and proteins.

Selectively permeable barrier in transport

Question 3

Algae

Answer 3

Photoautotrophic protist
Cell wall (except Euglena)
Chloroplasts
Macroscopic and Microscopic
Plankton

Question 4

Protozoa

Answer 4

Heterotrophic
No cell wall
unicellular, colonies are rare
flagella, cilia, pseudopodia

Question 5

HAB

PSP

Answer 5

Harmful Algal Bloom. Red tides

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning. can be deadly

Question 6

How do we categorize algae?

Answer 6

Cell wall
Pigmentation
Organization
Importance

Question 7

Cytoplasm of protozoa?

Answer 7

Divided into ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question 8

Trophozoite

Answer 8

Active feeding stage of protozoa

Question 9

Cyst

Answer 9

Dormant stage of protozoa

Question 10

Schizogony

Answer 10

Asexual reproduction of protozoa
Cyst undergoes Schizogony
multinucleate cell to multiple uninucleate cells
Entaemoeba histolytica

Question 11

Plasmotomy

Answer 11

Asexual reproduction of protozoa
multinucleate cell to multinucleate cells
Giardia

Question 12

Encystment

Answer 12

Cyst formation

Question 13

Excystment

Answer 13

Cysts burst

Question 14

Mastigophorans

Answer 14

most form cysts
Flagella
Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Trichomonas

Question 15

Amoebas

Answer 15

Pseudopodia
also called Sarcodina
some have flagellated reproductive states
Asexual reproduction by fission
Entamoeba histolytica

Question 16

Ciliophorans

Answer 16

Cilia
division by transverse fission
well developed mouth and feeding organelle
advanced behavior
Balantidium coli

Question 17

Apicomplexans

Answer 17

nonmotile
asexual and sexual stages
sporozoites
oocysts
ALL are parasitic
Plasmodium, Taxoplasma, Cryptosporidium

Question 18

Formite

Answer 18

Object that can be used to transfer microbes microbes

After some else has touched it

Question 19

Hemoflagellates

Answer 19

Vector born

Blood parasites

Question 20

Oocyst

Answer 20

Thick walled zygotes in apicomplexans

Question 21

Obligate organism

Answer 21

it NEEDS a host to complete life cycle

Question 22

Macroscopic fungi

Answer 22

mushrooms, puffballs

Question 23

Microscopic fungi

Answer 23

Hyphae - mold

Yeats- dimorphic, round shape

Question 24

Mycoses

Answer 24

Fungal infections

Question 25

Hyphae

Answer 25

Thread like cells that make up fungi or molds | Mycelia- made up of hyphae

Question 26

Yeast

Answer 26

Asexual reproduction oval shape budding

Question 27

Saprobes

Answer 27

fungi that live off dead plants and animals

Question 28

Sporangiospores

Answer 28

Formed in sporangium. | Released when sporangium ruptures

Question 29

Conidiospores

Answer 29

Free spores, not enclosed

Question 30

Zygomycota

Answer 30

Sporangiospores Hyphae nonseptate some conidia Rhizopus, Mucur

Question 31

Ascomycota

Answer 31

``` Conidia Hyphae with septa LARGEST phylum molds and yeasts Penicillum, Aspergillus, Candida, Saccharomyces, Coccidioides ```

Question 32

Basidiomycota

Answer 32

Conidia septate hyphae fleshy fruiting bodies mushrooms, puffballs

Question 33

Most common plant pathogen?

Answer 33

Fungi

Question 34

True fungal pathogen

Answer 34

It causes disease in humans

Question 35

Opportunistic pathogen

Answer 35

causes disease in compromised patients

Question 36

Thermal dimorphism

Answer 36

Grow as molds 30C | Grow as yeast 37C

Question 37

Dermatophytes

Answer 37

May be undergoing transformation into true pathogens

Question 38

Primary mycoses

Answer 38

enter by respiratory portal | inhaled spores

Question 39

Subcutaneous fungal disease

Answer 39

Inoculated skin trauma occurs after puncture wound introduces fungus deep into tissue

Question 40

Superficial fungal disease (mycoses)

Answer 40

Contamination of skin surface | extremely shallow epidermal colonization

Question 41

Virulence factors

Answer 41

Dimorphisms characteristic of organism to attach or invade inflammatory stimulants toxin-like substances

Question 42

Cutaneous fungal disease (mycoses)

Answer 42

Involves stratum, corneum and sometimes upper dermis

Question 43

Systematic mycoses

Answer 43

fungus invades lungs and other sites into circulation. Leads to infection of brain. kidneys and other organs

Question 44

Microbiology

Answer 44

Study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification

Question 45

Biotechnology

Answer 45

branch that utilizes actions of living things to create a desired product. Harvest microbes to produce vaccines.

Question 46

Viruses

Answer 46

Acellular parasitic particles nucleic acid protein

Question 47

Genetic engineering

Answer 47

Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products

Question 48

Bioremediation

Answer 48

Using live organisms to remedy environmental probelm

Question 49

Pathogen

Answer 49

Microbes that do harm

Question 50

Spontaneous generation

Answer 50

Early belief that forms of life could arise from non living matter

Question 51

Theory of Biogenesis

Answer 51

Proved that living things can only arise from other living things. Louis Pasteur

Question 52

Hypothesis

Answer 52

Tentative explanation

Question 53

Law or principle

Answer 53

If evidence of a theory is so compelling that confidence is reached.

Question 54

Theory

Answer 54

If hypothesis is supported by growing body of evidence.

Question 55

Sterility

Answer 55

Elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses.

Question 56

Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 56

Many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character or poverty.

Question 57

Taxonomy

Answer 57

organizing and naming living things

Question 58

Nomenclature

Answer 58

assigning names

Question 59

Phylogeny

Answer 59

Natural relatedness between groups of organisms

Question 60

Evolution

Answer 60

All new species originate from preexisting species. Closely related organisms have similar features because they evolved from common ancestors Usually progresses toward greater complexity

Question 61

Bacteria (domain)

Answer 61

Prokaryotes known as true bacteria

Question 62

Archaea (domain)

Answer 62

Prokaryotes that are unique bacteria that live in extreme environments. High salt, heat etc.

Question 63

Eukarya (domain)

Answer 63

Have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles