Exam 1 Lecture Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the connection of epithelial cells to each other and to the basement membrane?
How does this help them in their function?
CAMs and Hemidesmosomes
Keeps them strong and not from dying
How are the 3 muscle types different?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
How are polar covalent bonds created?
when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons in a covalent bond.
Explain why polar covalent molecules are found in water?
because both hydrogen atoms are at one end of the molecule, it has an uneven distribution of
charges, creating positive and negative poles.
Why are water molecules bound together by hydrogen bonds?
Because the oxygen atom has two extra electrons much of the time, it develops a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen atoms become weakly positive.
What is a hydrogen bond?
is the attraction between a slight positive charge on hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond and slight negative charge from oxygen polar covalent bond
What part of their chemical structure of amino acids and fatty acids have in common?
Both are organic compounds.
COOH.
What is this structure? And what molecule forms the backbone of a triglyceride?
triglyceride
glycerol
What schematic diagram this?
generic amino acid
Which is the amino group and the carboxylic acid?
blue = amino
red = carboxylic
What is a peptide bond?
a chemical bond that is formed by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.
What bonds form the primary, secondary, tertiary (one example) and quaternary levels of structure of proteins?
hydrogen bonding
What features of phospholipids make them ideal for cell membranes?
two hydrophobic “tails,” which are fatty acid chains, and one hydrophilic “head,” which is phosphate group.
What chemical structure is this?
phospholipids
What is the role of cholesterol?
helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D.
What structure is this?
phospholipid bilayer
Which are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts?
top head = hydrophilic
bottom legs = hydrophobic
What part of the plasma membrane is the glycocalyx?
top part
What molecules are involved in the glycocalyx?
proteoglycans
glycoproteins,
glycolipids
What are the differences between integral proteins and peripheral proteins?
Integral proteins are located between the inner and outer membrane
peripheral proteins are located on either the inner or outer membrane.
Not both!
What are the 3 main structural components of the cytoskeleton of the cell?
microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
What are the cytoskeleton structural components made of?
protein actin
What is the function of cytoskeleton microtubules?
form the main portions of the cytoskeleton and change the shape of the cell
What is the function of cytoskeleton microfilaments?
anchors the cytoskeleton and interacts with other proteins
