Exam 1 - Lecture 2 8/26

Question 1

Intracellular fluid % of total body water? Where is it?

Answer 1

Inside the cell, 2/3rds TBW

Question 2

Hydrophilic

Answer 2

Water loving, charged i.e. K+, Na+, Cl-

Question 3

Hydrophobic

Answer 3

Water hating, uncharged i.e. fat cells/lipids

Question 4

Will drugs behave the same with a normal pH?

Answer 4

No!

Question 5

Soluble

Answer 5

Ions (electrolytes), Proteins (the parts exposed to water), Carbs (glucose), some gasses such as CO2, buffers to keep pH within defined parameters, Some drugs

Question 6

Insoluble

Answer 6

Cholesterol, steroid hormones, lipids, Some drugs i.e. propofol, nitrous gas

Question 7

What do drugs need to work in the body if they are insoluble?

Answer 7

A carrier

Question 8

What % of TBW is ECF and where is it?

Answer 8

1/3rd of TBW, outside the cells. Plasma and interstitial fluid (between cells)

Question 9

Can blood proteins cross capillary membrane?

Answer 9

No, they are too big. They need to stay within the cardiovascular system (plasma).

Question 10

What is the plasma composed of?

Answer 10

Water, proteins, and electrolytes.

Question 11

What’s the ratio of plasma to ECF?

Answer 11

1/5 - 1/4 (2.8 - 3.5L for 70kg)

Question 12

How many L’s of plasma in a healthy 70kg adult?

Answer 12

3.0L.

Question 13

Capillary membrane

Answer 13

The membrane between Plasma and interstitial fluid. It is permeable to small charged ions, but tight enough to prevent blood proteins from leaking out of the plasma.

Question 14

How many liters of TBW in a 70kg male?

Answer 14

42L, or 60% of kg.

Question 15

How many liters of TBW in a 100kg person?

Answer 15

60L (60%)

Question 16

How much of 42L is ICF?

Answer 16

28L (2/3rds)

Question 17

How much of 42L is ECF?

Answer 17

14L

Question 18

Of the 14L of ECF, how much is Interstitial fluid?

Answer 18

11L (3/4 - 4/5)

Question 19

Of the 14L of ECF, how much is plasma?

Answer 19

3L or 2.8 - 3.5L(1/5 - 1/4)

Question 20

What can ECF do in the event of hemorrhage?

Answer 20

Can transfer fluid from ISF across capillary membrane to Plasma so it can enter cardiovascular system to make up for volume loss.

Question 21

How much plasma in a 100kg patient?

Answer 21

First step: patient has 60L of TBW.
Second step: ECF is 1/3rd of 60L, therefore there is 20L of ECF in this patient.
Third step: Plasma is 1/5 - 1/4 of ECF, therefore its 4 - 5L of plasma in a 100kg pt.

Question 22

Is steady state the same as equilibrium?

Answer 22

No! steady state is the same usual of compounds inside and outside the cell, but they are NOT equal! Equal Na+ inside and outside the cell would be disastrous. There may be 10x more Na+ outside the cell than inside, but thats STEADY.

Question 23

Na+ ICF and ECF

Answer 23

ECF: 140-142
ICF: 14
Ratio is 10:1 outside to in!!!

Question 24

K+ role, ICF and ECF

Answer 24

Determines how the heart functions
ECF: 4.0!
ICF: 120
30x higher INSIDE than outside, this is why when cells die and release their K+ into the ECF, the pt becomes hyperkalemic

Question 25

Ca++ ratio and role

Answer 25

10,000 to 1 ECF to ICF ratio! not found inside the cell. Helps turn cell on/off

Question 26

Mg++ role, higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 26

cofactor in intracellular reactions, thats why its found more INSIDE THE CELL (ICF) in the cytoplasm.

Question 27

Cl- role, higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 27

Follows sodium, it is the anion (sodium is the cation). Mostly in ECF, it is the anion of ECF!!

Question 28

HCO3- (bicarb) role, higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 28

Managed by kidneys, PRIMARY ECF BUFFER, therefore higher in ECF

Question 29

Phosphate (HPO4=) role, higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 29

Additional buffer for ICF, therefore higher in ICF. It sticks to targets to turn them on/off, changing activity levels of pathways, and also acts as an energy storage system for ATP.

Question 30

What is ATP?

Answer 30

Adenosine Triphosphate, 1 adenosine and 3 phosphate. When phosphate is pulled of adenosine, creates energy.

Question 31

Amino acids, role and higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 31

Puts proteins together inside the cell, therefore ICF

Question 32

Creatine, role and higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 32

Much higher in ICF, mostly found in skeletal muscle as a high energy storage compound. Muscle contraction pulls phosphate off ATP. Burns quickly!

Question 33

Lactate, role and higher in ECF or ICF?

Answer 33

Not much difference between ICF and ECF, just know it's a byproduct of metabolism.

Question 34

ATP, role and ECF or ICF?

Answer 34

ONLY ICF! it is not found in ECF. it is created inside the cell and burned inside the cell.

Question 35

What can happen to adenosine after the triphosphate is burned?

Answer 35

It can leak outside the cell and increase blood flow, as it opens blood vessels.

Question 36

Total mOsm/L

Answer 36

total compounds of everything in fluid, 300!!

Question 37

Corrected osmolar activity, why is this needed separately from total osmo?

Answer 37

280-283. Na+ and cl- can sometimes not separate and therefore not function as independent compounds.

Question 38

what is mm hg?

Answer 38

millimeters of mercury

Question 39

Osmotic pressure at 37 degree celsius?

Answer 39

ECF and ICF both 5400+

Question 40

Glycolipids

Answer 40

Sugars stuck to phospholipids (need to go back over slide 27!!!!)

Question 41

Glycoproteins

Answer 41

Sugars stuck to proteins in cell wall

Question 42

Glycocalyx

Answer 42

Glycolipids and glycoproteins stuck together. Immune function. When your blood sugar is elevated, you have extra sugars on the glycocalyx and make them less effective.

Question 43

Proteins in cell wall can act as what?

Answer 43

Ion channels/pumps

Question 44

Is the lipid tail charged or non-charged?

Answer 44

Non-charged, its FAT

Question 45

What kind of bonds are the phospholipids made of?

Answer 45

Carbon to carbon bonds, sometimes double carbon bonds

Question 46

What's the shape and context of the cholesterol membrane??

Answer 46

Flat (planar) and rigid

Question 47

Chemical makeup of cholesterol molecule

Answer 47

Only carbon single and double bonds with hydrogen molecules, with a OH head that is the only water soluble part of the compound. This is where it is exposed to water and how the body grabs it.

Question 48

Characterics of the cholesterol cell wall

Answer 48

Rigid, hurts flexibility!

Question 49

Needs cards on slide 31-32