Exam 1: Lecture 6: Healthy Pet nutrition - Adult Maintenance & Senior

Question 1

What are the 4 main aspects to a Nutrition Assessment

Answer 1

• Assess the patient / animal
• Assess the current and prior diet
• Assess the feeding management
• Repeat as needed

Question 2

The “triad” to animal nutritional is?

Answer 2

Animal, diet and feed management

Question 3

What is the most important nutrient that animals should get?

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

Generally, how much water should be supplied to animals?

Answer 4

60 ml/kg BW/day

Question 5

Calculate the daily water requirement (ml) for a 50 lb adult dog?

Answer 5

50 lb / 2.2 =22.7 kg

22.7 kg x 60 ml/kg BW = 1362 ml = 1.4 L

Question 6

How can we provide sources of water to animals?

Answer 6

• Drinking water
• Food
  (all food contains water)
  (around 10% in kibble and hay)
  (around 80% in canned food and fresh forage)
• Metabolic body water
  (Glucose + oxygen = ATP + CO2+ WATER)
  (EX: Camel)

Question 7

T/F: If cats for example drink less water from the bowl its ok because they will intake higher amounts in food?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

For pet food selection, which three things can we ask?

Answer 8

• Is it safe?
• Is it nutritious?
• Is it appropriate for this pet?

Question 9

What is the “Target” for pet food selection

Answer 9

commerical diets substantiated for “ adult maintenance” or “all lifestages”

Question 10

What percent of an animals daily caloric intake should pet food take up?

Answer 10

90%

Question 11

What percent of animals daily caloric intake should treats take up?

Answer 11

10% or less

Question 12

T/F: some commercial diets are not complete and balanced and are meant to be used as a flavor enchancer / topper

Answer 12

true

Question 13

What does “intermittent or supplemental feeding” mean?

Answer 13

• renal diets (P-restricted) or copper-restricted liver diets substantiated by formulation
• Should be a portion of the 10% of diet unless a vet says this diet is required full time

Question 14

Who formulates veterinary diets?

Answer 14

• PhD in nutrition +/- DACVN or DECVCN
  (employee vs consultant)
• MS/PhD in food science and technology

Question 15

What is the quality process in pet food?

Answer 15

• ingredient acquisition
• Engineers and manfacturing line safety
• Nutrition analysis of the finished product (If substantiated by formulation)
• Testing food and manfacturing facility for pathogen

Question 16

______% of daily energy/calories should come from a complete and balanced diet?

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

What is the dog lifestage factor for an adult, neutered male?

Answer 17

1.4 to 1.6

Question 18

What is the feline (cat) lifestage factor for an adult, neutered male?

Answer 18

1.2 to 1.4

Question 19

How do you know if the deit is working?

Answer 19

Re-assessment

Question 20

T/F: Food companies make a specific deit for seniors?

Answer 20

False!!

• no specific food made for seniors so give adult maintenance

Question 21

What is the two categories that AAPCO has guidelines for?

Answer 21

• Reproduction and growth
• Maintenance

Question 22

Should senior animals be on reproduction and growth or adult maintenance feeds?

Answer 22

adult maintenance

Question 23

T/F: there are specific guideliens for senior foods?

Answer 23

false!!

no specific guidelines

Question 24

What are the 3 Osteoarthritis nutrition strategies to support joint health?

Answer 24

• Maintain a BCS of 5/9
• Regular exercise
• Enchance nutrients that can help support joint health

Question 25

Does the following fit the description for Omega 3 or Omega 6 Fatty Acids? - Increases serum n-3 - May not help with pain reduction - Dose **300 mg EPA + DHA / kg ^0.75 BW

Answer 25

Omega 3

Question 26

Does the following fit the description for Omega 3 or Omega 6 Fatty Acids? - Decreased joint inflammation - Reduced clinical signs of osteoarthritis

Answer 26

Omega 3 fatty acids

Question 27

What are the sources of Omega 3 fatty acids?

Answer 27

- Fish (lower in fish meal) - Fish oil + algae oil (Look at EPA + DHA concentration) (Ensure mandacturer is testing (D and A) + heavy metals (mercury)

Question 28

What are potential adverse effects of Omega 3 fatty acids?

Answer 28

- Altered platalet function - Reduced wound healing

Question 29

How/When do you supplement Omega 3 fatty acids?

Answer 29

- If diet provides 1,000 mg Omega 6 FA + 300 mg Omega 3 FA per day - The addition of 1 tsp supplement to the diet = (1,600 mg total Omega 3 FA = **inverse n6:n3 ratio**

Question 30

What does the following define? - High in Omega 3 FA - contain glycosaminoglycans (GAG) - Reduces lymphocyte TNF-alpha production - Inhibits LOX in vitro - Reduced lameness scores in dogs - Improved musculoskeletal exam scores in dogs

Answer 30

Green-Lipped Mussel (perna canaliculus)

Question 31

What does the following define? - Low oral bioavailability - Portects against experimentally induced synovitis in dogs - Stimulates cartilage metabolism + inhibits degradation in dogs

Answer 31

Glucosamine + Chondroitin Sulfate

Question 32

What does the following define? - Reduces CS of OA + Improved histologic apperance of articular cartilage in dogs - Long term administration well tolerated in dogs

Answer 32

Glucosamine + Chondroitin Sulfate

Question 33

What are key nutrients/ingredients in commercial diets to support joint health

Answer 33

- EPA and DHA (Omega 3 FA) - Green lipped mussel - Glucosamine / chondroitin - Curcumin (from turmeric) - Antioxidants

Question 34

T/F: Supplements are not regulated?

Answer 34

FALSE!!!!! Supplements are regulated, but survelliance is limited

Question 35

Define Sarcopenia

Answer 35

- Age related muscle loss - protein (quality and quantity) - Omega 3 Fatty acids (look for "fish oil" in commercial diet ingreadient list)

Question 36

T/F: Aging associated with increased antioxidant status?

Answer 36

False!! they reduce with age

Question 37

Does medium chain triglycerides + Omega 3 FA + B vitamins + Antioxidants decrease or improve cognative dysfunction scorses (CDS)

Answer 37

improve

Question 38

What is the role of L- Carnitine?

Answer 38

Role in energy metabolism - L-caranitine shuttles fatty acids across the mitohondrial membrane

Question 39

What are the 4 things to look at in pet foods regarding cognative dysfunction

Answer 39

- Antioxidants + antioxidant precursors - Medium chain triglycerides + Omega 3 FA + B vitamins + Antioxidants - L-carnitine - Commercial products - Environmental enrichment

Question 40

What commercial food can be given for cognative dysfunction

Answer 40

- Hills b/d - Purina NC - royal canine mature consult - Acktivait

Question 41

What is the main way to help animals with anxiety?

Answer 41

behavorial modification / training

Question 42

________ is a precursor to melatonin and serotonin

Answer 42

L-tryptophan - this is helpful for animals with anxiety

Question 43

T/F: Alpha casozepine (Beata) - affinity for GABA, CBD, commerical products and drugs can be beneficial for animals anxiety?

Answer 43

true

Question 44

What commercial food products can help animals with anxiety?

Answer 44

- royal canine calm - hills i/d stress canine - hulls c/d stress multicare feline - purina calming care probiotic - zylkene - nutramax solliquin

Question 45

What products can help animals with dental disease?

Answer 45

- brush teeth (gold standard) - veterinary dental deits formulated to manage tarter and/or plaque - VOHC treats

Question 46

What is the gold standard for preventing dental disease?

Answer 46

brush teeth