Exam 1 Material Flashcards
(45 cards)
_____________ means that some individuals of that type (species or genus or etc.) are still are alive; i.e., not all are dead.
Extant
The unit of heredity, e.g., a DNA sequence that makes a protein or RNA molecule, is a(n)
Gene
A particular place on a chromosome is a(n)
Locus
Any of the different versions (specific sequences) that are found at a given gene locus are
Alleles
When an evolutionary biologist or population geneticist writes P = G + E, P is ____________, which is determined by the individual’s ________________ and its _________________
-Phenotype
-Genotype
-Environment
What you see when you look directly at an individual’s behavior is its
Phenotype
The alternative DNA sequences found at a particular place on a single chromosome arise by mutation and are called different ___________at that locus
Alleles
You cannot fully understand an ecosystem simply by looking separately at the individual species and individual parts of their environment. The features, of a thing or of a process, that can only be seen by looking at it as a whole, not be looking at its parts in isolation, is called
Emergent Properties
In what sense are you double-double at each locus?
-You have two pieces of DNA for each locus.
-You have an allele from your mother and another from your father.
-Each chromosome is a piece of DNA, and DNA exists as a double helix with nucleotide base pairs.
Define evolution in terms of genotypes.
Change in the proportion of different genotypes over time.
A(n) ____________ is a particular DNA sequence at a particular gene locus.
Allele
Its DNA sequence is often written as a series of letters (A, C, T, G), but each of these individual nucleotides really represents two nucleotides, not one. This is a______
Nucleotide Base Pair
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. At this locus, this individual is probably
Heterozygous & Diploid
A single continuous piece of DNA within a cell may exist as a line, as in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, or with the ends connected, forming a loop or circle, as in prokaryotes and as in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes. A single continuous piece of DNA within a cell is called a(n) ___________________
Chromosome
A diagram of lines, e.g., a branching or tree-like drawing, that shows the relatedness among multiple taxa, often over thousands or more years, is called a _____________.
Phylogeny
Behavioral differences between an individual and her/his identical twins reflect
Differences in enviroment
When an allele’s phenotypic effect can only be seen when an individual’s 2 alleles are identical, that allele by definition is a(n) __________ allele.
Recessive
A single-celled species that has a nucleus is a(n) _______________, although this group (kingdom in some classification schemes) also contains some multicellular species, like certain algae such as seaweed.
Protist
Dogs and other animals that now live in the wild, but used to be tame and kept as pets or on a farm are said to be _______________.
Feral
There are two basic kinds of cells. Bacteria and Archaea have _________ cells. (Either variation of the word is fine.)
Prokaryotic or Prokaryote
An organism that consists of cell(s) that all lack a nucleus is by definition a ______________ .
Prokaryote
The transfer of plant male sex cells to a plant, which may then trigger fertilization and the production of seeds is _____________.
Pollination
There are 3 domains; in what domain are fungi? [Domain names are capitalized.]
Eukarya
The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n) ___________________.
Population
