Exam 2 Material Flashcards
(29 cards)
Which one of the following would cause the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be inaccurate?
Anything that causes evolution can prevent the Hardy-Weinberg principle from accurately predicting genotype
frequencies, e.g., rgd (random genetic drift), natural selection, gene flow, nonrandom mating.
Which of the following is least likely to help maintain allelic variation in a population?
directional selection
When we begin to observe the population, the relative frequency of the homozygote dominant is 0.16, that of the
heterozygotes is 0.48, and that of the homozygote recessive is 0.36. The population contains over 100,000 individuals.
What are the allele frequencies when we begin to observe the population?
0.40 and 0.60
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of this
individual at this locus?
one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele
___________ is transcribed into ____________.
DNA,RNA
If an allele went to fixation in 30 generations in Staphylococus aureus, that means that
at a given locus, all of the individuals in a population have the same sequence AND at a given locus, all of the individuals in a population have the same allele.
What genes were surprising when first discovered because they expressed in different body segments in the same
order as they occurred on the chromosomes?
Hox
A genotype or allele that is uncommon is called what?
Mutant
_________________ is different growth rates between different body parts of an individual, e.g., the lower jaw of an
embryo or fetus growing faster than its upper jaw
Allometry
What type of gene seems to determine the number of vertebrae that a mouse develops and the number of full wings
that a fruit fly (Drosophila) develops?
Homeotic
Which one of the following best explains why geographic isolation might not result in speciation?
too few genetic differences accumulated between populations before they became sympatric
Speciation by allopolyploidy results from errors during gamete production combined with what?
hybridization
By definition, when a cell divides and the 2 daughter cells are different from the parent cell in shape and other
properties, ________________ has occurred.
Cell differentiation
What about auto- and allopolyploidy often leads to speciation?
odd numbers of chromosomes in offspring from pairings of the polyploid and the ancestral parent type(s) lead to
errors during meiosis
A phylogenetic tree that is ʺ rooted ʺ is one
at whose base is located the common ancestor of all taxa depicted on that tree
Which of the following get energy by oxidizing inorganic substances (e.g., hydrogen sulfide) and
use that energy, in part, to synthesize organic compounds from CO2?
Chemoautotrophs
Rhizobium
lives in or on roots
Most human pathogens prefer temperatures near that of the human body. These pathogens are
called
Mesophiles
Organisms that can live only in the presence of oxygen are called
obligate aerobes
Which of these statements about prokaryotes is correct?
Divide by binary fission
the pillus is
a hollow tube through which DNA transfers to another prokaryote.
How is genetic information stored in bacteria?
in a loop of DNA and 0 or more smaller bits of DNA (also often in loops), all in the cytoplasm.
___________ is when a prokaryote acquires DNA that it did not have before, but that was left
behind after infection by a virus (by a bacteriophage).
Transduction
What is it called when molecules essential to life form from nonliving, from even inorganic,
compounds, as in the Miller-Urey experiments?
abiotic synthesis
