Exam 3 Material

Question 1

What is a blastula?

Answer 1

a hollow ball of cells

Question 2

Any tree from which leaves fall seasonally

Answer 2

deciduous

Question 3

If you see something that looks like a spider, but an entomologist is calling it a daddy longlegs, telling you it doesn’t have venom, and you can see that its abdomen is distinctly separate from its cephalothorax, it is a(n) ___________.

Answer 3

arthropod

Question 4

a fossil of what type of protist are mined to use for filtration, abrasives, and insecticides?

Answer 4

diatoms

Question 5

What is Flagellum

Answer 5

Bacteria’s rotating filament it uses to move

Question 6

The cell walls of species in domain Bacteria are composed of different biochemicals than the cell walls of what?

Answer 6

Plants, fungi, archaea, protists (of those that have cell walls)

Question 7

Evidence suggests that the very first prokaryotes were what type?

Answer 7

obligate anaerobes

Question 8

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 8

Must have no oxygen

Question 9

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 9

can live with or without oxygen

Question 10

Obligate aerobes

Answer 10

must have oxygen

Question 11

The dominant, most visible, structure(s) in a fungal life cycle often consists of cells with multiple nuclei and each nucleus is

Answer 11

haploid

Question 12

Which of the following is/are NOT fungi?
Mildews
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Mold
Sponges
Smut

Answer 12

Sponges

Question 13

Just the 2 nuclei in a cell fusing, by itself is called what?

Answer 13

Karyogamy

Question 14

Phagocytosis

Answer 14

a cell engulfs and then digests food particles

Question 15

Which of the following produce pearls?
Annelids
Bivalves
Cephalopods
Gastropods
All of the above

Answer 15

Bivalves

Question 16

What are flatworms also called?

Answer 16

platyhelminthes

Question 17

Which of the following are molluscs?
Leeches
Slugs
Squids
all of the above
B&C only

Answer 17

B&C

Question 18

Which of the following is/are insects?
Pillbug
Centipedes
Millipedes
Fleas
All of the above

Answer 18

Fleas

Question 19

Roundworms are also called what?

Answer 19

Nematodes

Question 20

The layer of embryonic cells called the ectoderm gives rise to what?

Answer 20

Skin and nervous tissue

Question 21

What does gastropoda include of the animals listed below?
Clams
Earthworms
sea slugs
squids
flatworms

Answer 21

Sea Slugs

Question 22

What does the lateral line system do?

Answer 22

allows the detection of changes in water pressure, like when a prey or predator approaches

Question 23

Which of the following are amniotes?
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles

Answer 23

Birds, Mammals, reptiles

Question 24

Bonobos, chimps, humans, gorillas, and orangutans are in what family?

Answer 24

Hominidae

Question 25

Malaria is caused by a(n)________ which is transmitted by a(n) _________.

Answer 25

Protist, mosquito

Question 26

Gametophytes make (most directly) ___________ by ____________

Answer 26

gametes, mitosis

Question 27

Feeding by adult jellyfish is best described as ____________.

Answer 27

predation

Question 28

Which of the following are closest to extant relatives of land plants? Animals Archaea Bacteria Fungi Green Algae

Answer 28

Green Algae

Question 29

The placenta consists of what

Answer 29

both maternal and embryonic tissue

Question 30

Molecular evidence suggest that chimpanzees and bonobos

Answer 30

are the extant organisms most closely related to humans

Question 31

What is a type of horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 31

movement of DNA from one living cell that was infected by a virus to another living cell, where the second living cell acquires the DNA when it is infected but not killed by a copy of the virus that was produced by the first cell.

Question 32

Two examples that are NOT horizontal gene transfer

Answer 32

binary fusion, budding

Question 33

If you tap a puffball fungus, a powder will come out, which consists of a lot of tiny __________ which land and germinate, producing hyphae

Answer 33

spores

Question 34

To obtain energy and nutrients, fungi release digestive enzymes into their _______________

Answer 34

surroundings

Question 35

In fungi, a one or two-celled-thick thread-like structure is a ____________, and a whole mass of them is a ____________, regardless of whether it is above and/or below ground.

Answer 35

hypa, mycelium

Question 36

Invertebrates include what?

Answer 36

all animals except for the subphylum

Question 37

Where are stinging cells found?

Answer 37

in animals like sea anemones, jellyfish and corals

Question 38

In both sponges and humans, the outermost layer of cells is called the ___________

Answer 38

epidermis

Question 39

What do insects do that other bugs don't?

Answer 39

Molt

Question 40

Nephridia and nephrons are part of a system that deals directly with _____________.

Answer 40

salt-water balance

Question 41

What does the operculum do in bony fish?

Answer 41

moving water, aiding oxygen moving in, carbon dioxide out

Question 42

How does penicillin help cure strep throat?

Answer 42

It interferes with the Streptococcus' peptidoglycan synthesis, making its cell wall weaker

Question 43

Meristem

Answer 43

tissue in plants containing undifferentiated cells

Question 44

What is analogous to Meristem in humans?

Answer 44

stem cells

Question 45

When botanists talk about gymnosperms being naked, what do they mean?

Answer 45

They lack fruit

Question 46

When you buy a box or can of mushrooms, the mushroom's nuclei are likely to be __________.

Answer 46

haploid

Question 47

The Gastrodermis/GVC develops from what germ layer?

Answer 47

endoderm

Question 48

The major gas exchange system of most insects is what?

Answer 48

branching tubes that air enters from holes in their sides

Question 49

Endothermic animals

Answer 49

rely on metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature

Question 50

What kind of fossils have been found in the oldest sediments?

Answer 50

fish fossils

Question 51

Which of the following are apes [lesser apes]? Baboons Gibbons New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys Echidnas

Answer 51

Gibbons

Question 52

Among Homo sapiens, people whose ancestors descended from geographic areas with a history of reliance on milk for energy and protein are disproportionately (more) likely to have

Answer 52

the ability to produce lactase into adulthood.

Question 53

Sometimes Homo sapiens

Answer 53

rarely, but sometimes are born with tails that show (are visible externally)