exam 1 mock exam Flashcards by Lexi Laskowski

Which muscle is not in the third layer of the foot?

tibialis posterior

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Patient presents with weakness with great toe extension and lack of sensation in the web space between the 1st and 2nd toe and the dorsal of their foot. Which nerve or nerve root is most likely implicated.

L5 nerve root

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Which ligament limits both extension and abduction of the hip?

pubofemoral ligament

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In which population and in what area will the healing prognosis of a meniscus tear/repair be best?

Younger/athletic population; outer 1/3 of meniscus

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Which nerve innervates the facet (zygapophyseal) joint?

Medial branch of the posterior (dorsal) rami

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Which bursitis would flare up with hip extension, abduction, and external rotation?

Trochanteric

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Patient presents w/ plantar flexion and knee flexion weakness, which muscle(s) can be tested to help differentiate between the S1 and S2 myotome

Peroneus longus/brevis

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Which is NOT a function of the acetabular labrum?

lubrication

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Vessels that supply the medullary cavity of bone enter through the __

Nutrient foramina

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Sensory deficit to the plantar aspect of the foot and weakness of the intrinsic foot musculature are associated with __ syndrome, while sensory deficit to the web space between digits 1 & 2 and weakness of the extensor hallucis and extensor digitorum are associated with __ syndrome

Tarsal tunnel; anterior tarsal

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Which of the following is NOT within the sub-occipital triangle?

Basilar artery

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Which two ligaments are most commonly involved in high ankle sprains?

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament & posterior inferior tibiofibular

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Housemaid’s knee affects the __ , while clergyman’s knee affects the __

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa; subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

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Pennate muscle has a __ potential to generate force due to its larger cross sectional area and contracts __.

Greater; slowly

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What structure divides the posterior compartment into superficial and deep sections?

Transverse intramuscular septum

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__ fibers supply motor to skeletal (voluntary) muscles while __ fibers supply motor to smooth (involuntary) muscle

Somatic efferents; Visceral efferents

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Compression of the C8 nerve root occurs between which vertebrae?

C7 & T1

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What exercises would alleviate the symptoms of an individual diagnosed with left intervertebral stenosis?

Flexion; lateral flexion to the right; rotation to the right

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The __ are all considered false ribs

8-12

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Which states the correct order of meninges and spaces from outermost to innermost?

Dura matter; subarachnoid space; pia mater

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Which answer choice correctly lists the muscles in the erector spinae muscle group from medial to lateral?

Spinalis thoracis; longissimus thoracis; Iliocostalis

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Sacral nutation is a combination of __ movement

Anterior & inferior

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__ joints allow for the most movement

synovial

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The body of an alpha-motor neuron is located in the __

Ventral horn

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Which of the following statements about bone ossification is true?

Primary ossification occurs at the diaphysis of long bones at ten weeks of embryonic development

Which muscle requires the most motor units

Gluteus maximus for rapid hip extension

A unhappy triad involves which structures of the knee?

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

If an individual is experiencing a left hip drop during gait. Which of the following structures is most likely involved?

Right gluteus medius

The joint capsule of the hip is taut in full. _

Extension & internal rotation

_ motor neurons travel from the periphery to the CNS, have cell bodies in the __ , and are __

Afferent; dorsal root ganglion; pseudounipolar

Which is NOT a characteristic of plantar fasciosis?

Hypermobilily at the 1st metatarsal-phalangeal jo

Ribs 1-6 act as a __ and move in a __ direction during respiration

Pump handle; anterior/posterior

What landmark is used to determine the point at which the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery?

First rib

The __ nerve is impinged during __ compartment syndrome

Deep peroneal; anterior

In open kinetic chain (non-weight bearing) activities the popliteus is responsible for which of the following movements?

Knee flexion & tibial internal rotation

Which of the following best describes neurons from the parasympathetic nervous system

Originate from the cranial/sacral region; long preganglionic neurons; short postganglionic neurons

Patient presents with knee extension weakness. Which two neural structures could be implicated and what dermatome would you test to differentiate.

L3 nerve root/femoral nerve; upper anterior thigh to the medial aspect of the knee without crossing the patella

Patient presents with low back pain with associated numbness, tingling, and weakness down their legs. The patient describes their symptoms as improving with extension based movements, and become worse with flexion based exercises. What type of pathology would you be concerned is occurring as their PT

Disc bulge/herniation

Which artery supplies a majority of blood to the head and the neck of the femur?

Medial circumflex artery

Which ribs have both costovertebral and costotransverse joints?

1-10

In which position is the ACL on slack and the PCL taut?

Knee flexion

When anesthesiologists administer an epidural they know to inject the corticosteroid into the epidural space when they hear an audible “pop”. Which ligament is responsible for this sound when punctured by the needle.

Ligamentum Flavum

Patient presents with weakness leg (knee) flexion in their left lower extremity. Patient also reports numbness and tingling in the left heel. Results from performing a manual muscle tests on the left lower extremity revealed weakness with ankle plantar flexion and inversion, as well as flexion of the toes. The patient also demonstrated lack of stability of the muscles in the foot. All other lower extremity movements were found to be within normal limits. Sensory testing of the left lower extremity revealed paresthesia remained local to the left heal as patient reported and did not involve the posterior thigh or other regions of the left foot. Which peripheral nerve or nerve root is implicated?

Tibial nerve

Repetitive lateral ankle sprains puts an individual at risk of excessive __ and instability

Inversion

What is the action of the plantar interossi

Adduction of the digits

The saphenous opening is where the __ vein meets with the __ vein

Great saphenous; femoral

With respect to the vertebrae, which structure connects the spinous and transverse processes?

lamina

Which muscles must be used to look over your right shoulder?

Left sternocleidomastoid, left upper trapezius, right levator scapulae

Pulmonary arteries supply __ blood to the __ while the pulmonary veins supply the __ with __ blood

Deoxygenated; lungs; left atrium; oxygenated

Cervical protrusion is a combination of __

Upper cervical extension; mid to lower cervical flexion

Patient presents with dorsiflexion weakness. Which two neural structures could be implicated and what dermatome would you test to differentiate

L4 nerve root/deep peroneal nerve; anterior aspect of the thigh, over the knee, down the medial aspect of the left to the medial foot and great toe

Which muscle is associated with causing sciatica?

Piriformis

The attachment site of each of the scalenes is __

Anterior and middle scalene attach on the first rib, the posterior scalene attaches on the 2nd rib

Which two muscles in the neck are a potential site of entrapment/impingement leading to thoracic outlet syndrome?

Anterior and middle scalene

Which structure facilitates blood flow to compact bone and periosteum?

Haversian canal

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of lateral tracking of the patella?

Tight medial retinaculum (patellofemoral ligament)

Patient presents in clinic with complaints of shoulder pain with certain movements. Upon performing range of motion testing you find the patients symptoms of pain are elicited when certain muscles that make up the shoulder are stretched. No pain is felt when the same muscles contract to produce movement. Given these findings you suspect the patient is suffering from __

An inert lesion

Which nerves are both considered contents of the popliteal fossa

Tibial & common peroneal

Which of the following ligaments is NOT considered part of the deltoid ligament (medial ankle ligaments)?

Posterior talofibular

Which structure is the smallest contractile unit of muscle?

Sarcomere

Medium sized arteries serve what function?

Composed of smooth muscle controlled by ANS; vasoconstrict and vasodilate to control blood flow to areas in need

Which muscles are primarily involved in inspiration?

External intercostals, diaphragm

What is the primary action of the longus colli muscle

Feed forward stabilization of the cervical spine

Spina bifida is a congenital vertebral canal abnormality caused by a deformity in the neural arch. This occurs when which aspects of the vertebra fail to fuse together?

Pedicle; lamina

Which of the following muscles is not responsible for external rotation of the hip?

Tensor Fasciae Latae

The most commonly torn ligament in the foot is the __

Anterior talofibular ligament

S1 vertebra detaching from the sacrum and becoming a 6th lumbar vertebra is termed

Lumbarization

The sciatic nerve gives rise to which two peripheral nerves?

Tibial & common peroneal nerves

Which type of muscle contraction involves lengthening of muscle when the resistive force is greater than the muscle force?

Eccentric

Which of the following structures does NOT support the medial arch of the foot

Peroneous longus

Which of the following ligaments does NOT limit flexion of the vertebral column?

Intertransverse ligament

Which arteries are responsible for supplying a majority of the spinal cord with blood?

Anterior and posterior vertebral (spinal) arteries

Which of the following muscles is NOT in the anterior compartment

Peroneus longus

Which is NOT a common sign/symptom of hip osteoarthritis

Locking/clicking/catching sensation with movement of the hip

The calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints together make up the __ joint, at which __ occurs

Transverse tarsal; supination & pronation

Which action could present as weak with a pathology of the common peroneal nerve?

Ankle eversion

With respect to trunk movement rotation to the right involves:

Left external oblique + right internal oblique

The spinal cord ends at the level of __ where it becomes the __

L1-L2; conus medullaris

Which ligament prevents excessive posterior translation of the femur on the tibia?

ACL

Which of the following best describes a direct inguinal hernia?

Abdominal contents puncture a dysfunctional wall of the inguinal canal and travels through the superficial ring into the scrotum

Which condition below is associated with overuse and causes muscles to pull away at the periosteum of the bone?

Medial tibial stress syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system

filters blood

The peroneous longus and brevis are known to slip anteriolaterally when this structure is torn

Fibular retinaculum

Trunk Lateral Flexion occurs in the __ plane around the __ axis.

Frontal; anterior-posterior

Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a border of the sub-occipital triangle?

Rectus capitis posterior minor

The __ is the medial floor of the femoral triangle while the __ is the lateral floor

Pectineus; iliopsoas

Which sacroiliac ligament is responsible for limiting counternutation?

Posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament

The thick muscular layer of the vasculature is called the __ and is larger in __ compared to __

Tunica media; arteries; veins

Facets in the thoracic spine are oriented in which plane?

frontal plane

Which of the following structures does not insert on the Pes Anserine

Iliotibial (IT) band

Patient presents with hip flexor weakness. Results from your lower extremity manual muscle testing indicted that knee extension was strong (5/5), however hip adduction was also found to be weak. What is most likely the involved structure

L2 nerve root

A majority of the lymph returned to venous circulation is returned via the __ venous angle which is supplied by the __ duct

Left; thoracic

Which muscle is not innervated by the deep peroneal nerve?

Flexor digitorum longus

The Gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the ___ and receives blood from the __ artery

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1); superior gluteal artery

The adductor __ receives dual innervation from the __ nerve as well as the __ nerve.

Magnus; obturator; sciatic

Pes planus is associated with __

Instability of the foot

The internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, obturator internus, and nerve to obturator interus all pass through which structure?

Lesser sciatic foramen

Patient presents in clinic with limited ability to dorsiflex their right ankle, as well as a lack of sensation in the web spacing between the 1st and 2nd toe of their right foot. Upon evaluation, you recognize their ability to extend their great to on their right foot is also limited. With this information you suspect the patient impinged their __

Deep peroneal nerve

Which series of blood vessels is in the correct order with respect to blood flow?

Anterior tibial artery>dorsal pedal artery> arcuate artery

A middle-aged male patient comes into your clinic walking with a limp. He complains of pain about 4-7cm from the heel posteriorly, and says sometimes it acts up when he plays tennis. You suspect it may be achilles tendinopathy or an achilles tendon rupture. Which of the following would NOT be included as part of a physical exam that would help confirm your preliminary diagnosis?

Varus stress test

exam 1 mock exam Flashcards

(100 cards)