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Anatomy > exam 1 mock exam > Flashcards

exam 1 mock exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is not in the third layer of the foot?

A

tibialis posterior

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2
Q

Patient presents with weakness with great toe extension and lack of sensation in the web space between the 1st and 2nd toe and the dorsal of their foot. Which nerve or nerve root is most likely implicated.

A

L5 nerve root

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3
Q

Which ligament limits both extension and abduction of the hip?

A

pubofemoral ligament

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4
Q

In which population and in what area will the healing prognosis of a meniscus tear/repair be best?

A

Younger/athletic population; outer 1/3 of meniscus

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5
Q

Which nerve innervates the facet (zygapophyseal) joint?

A

Medial branch of the posterior (dorsal) rami

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6
Q

Which bursitis would flare up with hip extension, abduction, and external rotation?

A

Trochanteric

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7
Q

Patient presents w/ plantar flexion and knee flexion weakness, which muscle(s) can be tested to help differentiate between the S1 and S2 myotome

A

Peroneus longus/brevis

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8
Q

Which is NOT a function of the acetabular labrum?

A

lubrication

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9
Q

Vessels that supply the medullary cavity of bone enter through the __

A

Nutrient foramina

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10
Q

Sensory deficit to the plantar aspect of the foot and weakness of the intrinsic foot musculature are associated with __ syndrome, while sensory deficit to the web space between digits 1 & 2 and weakness of the extensor hallucis and extensor digitorum are associated with __ syndrome

A

Tarsal tunnel; anterior tarsal

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT within the sub-occipital triangle?

A

Basilar artery

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12
Q

Which two ligaments are most commonly involved in high ankle sprains?

A

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament & posterior inferior tibiofibular

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13
Q

Housemaid’s knee affects the __ , while clergyman’s knee affects the __

A

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa; subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

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14
Q

Pennate muscle has a __ potential to generate force due to its larger cross sectional area and contracts __.

A

Greater; slowly

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15
Q

What structure divides the posterior compartment into superficial and deep sections?

A

Transverse intramuscular septum

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16
Q

__ fibers supply motor to skeletal (voluntary) muscles while __ fibers supply motor to smooth (involuntary) muscle

A

Somatic efferents; Visceral efferents

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17
Q

Compression of the C8 nerve root occurs between which vertebrae?

A

C7 & T1

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18
Q

What exercises would alleviate the symptoms of an individual diagnosed with left intervertebral stenosis?

A

Flexion; lateral flexion to the right; rotation to the right

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19
Q

The __ are all considered false ribs

A

8-12

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20
Q

Which states the correct order of meninges and spaces from outermost to innermost?

A

Dura matter; subarachnoid space; pia mater

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21
Q

Which answer choice correctly lists the muscles in the erector spinae muscle group from medial to lateral?

A

Spinalis thoracis; longissimus thoracis; Iliocostalis

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22
Q

Sacral nutation is a combination of __ movement

A

Anterior & inferior

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23
Q

__ joints allow for the most movement

A

synovial

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24
Q

The body of an alpha-motor neuron is located in the __

A

Ventral horn

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25
Q

Which of the following statements about bone ossification is true?

A

Primary ossification occurs at the diaphysis of long bones at ten weeks of embryonic development

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26
Q

Which muscle requires the most motor units

A

Gluteus maximus for rapid hip extension

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27
Q

A unhappy triad involves which structures of the knee?

A

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

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28
Q

If an individual is experiencing a left hip drop during gait. Which of the following structures is most likely involved?

A

Right gluteus medius

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29
Q

The joint capsule of the hip is taut in full. _

A

Extension & internal rotation

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30
Q

_ motor neurons travel from the periphery to the CNS, have cell bodies in the __ , and are __

A

Afferent; dorsal root ganglion; pseudounipolar

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31
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of plantar fasciosis?

A

Hypermobilily at the 1st metatarsal-phalangeal jo

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32
Q

Ribs 1-6 act as a __ and move in a __ direction during respiration

A

Pump handle; anterior/posterior

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33
Q

What landmark is used to determine the point at which the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery?

A

First rib

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34
Q

The __ nerve is impinged during __ compartment syndrome

A

Deep peroneal; anterior

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35
Q

In open kinetic chain (non-weight bearing) activities the popliteus is responsible for which of the following movements?

A

Knee flexion & tibial internal rotation

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36
Q

Which of the following best describes neurons from the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Originate from the cranial/sacral region; long preganglionic neurons; short postganglionic neurons

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37
Q

Patient presents with knee extension weakness. Which two neural structures could be implicated and what dermatome would you test to differentiate.

A

L3 nerve root/femoral nerve; upper anterior thigh to the medial aspect of the knee without crossing the patella

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38
Q

Patient presents with low back pain with associated numbness, tingling, and weakness down their legs. The patient describes their symptoms as improving with extension based movements, and become worse with flexion based exercises. What type of pathology would you be concerned is occurring as their PT

A

Disc bulge/herniation

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39
Q

Which artery supplies a majority of blood to the head and the neck of the femur?

A

Medial circumflex artery

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40
Q

Which ribs have both costovertebral and costotransverse joints?

A

1-10

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41
Q

In which position is the ACL on slack and the PCL taut?

A

Knee flexion

42
Q

When anesthesiologists administer an epidural they know to inject the corticosteroid into the epidural space when they hear an audible
“pop”. Which ligament is responsible for this sound when punctured by the needle.

A

Ligamentum Flavum

43
Q

Patient presents with weakness leg (knee) flexion in their left lower extremity. Patient also reports numbness and tingling in the left heel. Results from performing a manual muscle tests on the left lower extremity revealed weakness with ankle plantar flexion and inversion, as well as flexion of the toes. The patient also demonstrated lack of stability of the muscles in the foot. All other lower extremity movements were found to be within normal limits. Sensory testing of the left lower extremity revealed paresthesia remained local to the left heal as patient reported and did not involve the posterior thigh or other regions of the left foot. Which peripheral nerve or nerve root is implicated?

A

Tibial nerve

44
Q

Repetitive lateral ankle sprains puts an individual at risk of excessive __ and instability

A

Inversion

45
Q

What is the action of the plantar interossi

A

Adduction of the digits

46
Q

The saphenous opening is where the __ vein meets with the __ vein

A

Great saphenous; femoral

47
Q

With respect to the vertebrae, which structure connects the spinous and transverse processes?

A

lamina

48
Q

Which muscles must be used to look over your right shoulder?

A

Left sternocleidomastoid, left upper trapezius, right levator scapulae

49
Q

Pulmonary arteries supply __ blood to the __ while the pulmonary veins supply the __ with __ blood

A

Deoxygenated; lungs; left atrium; oxygenated

50
Q

Cervical protrusion is a combination of __

A

Upper cervical extension; mid to lower cervical flexion

51
Q

Patient presents with dorsiflexion weakness. Which two neural structures could be implicated and what dermatome would you test to differentiate

A

L4 nerve root/deep peroneal nerve; anterior aspect of the thigh, over the knee, down the medial aspect of the left to the medial foot and great toe

52
Q

Which muscle is associated with causing sciatica?

A

Piriformis

53
Q

The attachment site of each of the scalenes is __

A

Anterior and middle scalene attach on the first rib, the posterior scalene attaches on the 2nd rib

54
Q

Which two muscles in the neck are a potential site of entrapment/impingement leading to thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Anterior and middle scalene

55
Q

Which structure facilitates blood flow to compact bone and periosteum?

A

Haversian canal

56
Q

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of lateral tracking of the patella?

A

Tight medial retinaculum (patellofemoral ligament)

57
Q

Patient presents in clinic with complaints of shoulder pain with certain movements. Upon performing range of motion testing you find the patients symptoms of pain are elicited when certain muscles that make up the shoulder are stretched. No pain is felt when the same muscles contract to produce movement. Given these findings you suspect the patient is suffering from __

A

An inert lesion

58
Q

Which nerves are both considered contents of the popliteal fossa

A

Tibial & common peroneal

59
Q

Which of the following ligaments is NOT considered part of the deltoid ligament (medial ankle ligaments)?

A

Posterior talofibular

60
Q

Which structure is the smallest contractile unit of muscle?

A

Sarcomere

61
Q

Medium sized arteries serve what function?

A

Composed of smooth muscle controlled by ANS; vasoconstrict and vasodilate to control blood flow to areas in need

62
Q

Which muscles are primarily involved in inspiration?

A

External intercostals, diaphragm

63
Q

What is the primary action of the longus colli muscle

A

Feed forward stabilization of the cervical spine

64
Q

Spina bifida is a congenital vertebral canal abnormality caused by a deformity in the neural arch. This occurs when which aspects of the vertebra fail to fuse together?

A

Pedicle; lamina

65
Q

Which of the following muscles is not responsible for external rotation of the hip?

A

Tensor Fasciae Latae

66
Q

The most commonly torn ligament in the foot is the __

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

67
Q

S1 vertebra detaching from the sacrum and becoming a 6th lumbar vertebra is termed

A

Lumbarization

68
Q

The sciatic nerve gives rise to which two peripheral nerves?

A

Tibial & common peroneal nerves

69
Q

Which type of muscle contraction involves lengthening of muscle when the resistive force is greater than the muscle force?

A

Eccentric

70
Q

Which of the following structures does NOT support the medial arch of the foot

A

Peroneous longus

71
Q

Which of the following ligaments does NOT limit flexion of the vertebral column?

A

Intertransverse ligament

72
Q

Which arteries are responsible for supplying a majority of the spinal cord with blood?

A

Anterior and posterior vertebral (spinal) arteries

73
Q

Which of the following muscles is NOT in the anterior compartment

A

Peroneus longus

74
Q

Which is NOT a common sign/symptom of hip osteoarthritis

A

Locking/clicking/catching sensation with movement of the hip

75
Q

The calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints together make up the __ joint, at which __ occurs

A

Transverse tarsal; supination & pronation

76
Q

Which action could present as weak with a pathology of the common peroneal nerve?

A

Ankle eversion

77
Q

With respect to trunk movement rotation to the right involves:

A

Left external oblique + right internal oblique

78
Q

The spinal cord ends at the level of __ where it becomes the __

A

L1-L2; conus medullaris

79
Q

Which ligament prevents excessive posterior translation of the femur on the tibia?

A

ACL

80
Q

Which of the following best describes a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Abdominal contents puncture a dysfunctional wall of the inguinal canal and travels through the superficial ring into the scrotum

81
Q

Which condition below is associated with overuse and causes muscles to pull away at the periosteum of the bone?

A

Medial tibial stress syndrome

82
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system

A

filters blood

83
Q

The peroneous longus and brevis are known to slip anteriolaterally when this structure is torn

A

Fibular retinaculum

84
Q

Trunk Lateral Flexion occurs in the __ plane around the __ axis.

A

Frontal; anterior-posterior

85
Q

Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a border of the sub-occipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor

86
Q

The __ is the medial floor of the femoral triangle while the __ is the lateral floor

A

Pectineus; iliopsoas

87
Q

Which sacroiliac ligament is responsible for limiting counternutation?

A

Posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament

88
Q

The thick muscular layer of the vasculature is called the __ and is larger in __ compared to __

A

Tunica media; arteries; veins

89
Q

Facets in the thoracic spine are oriented in which plane?

A

frontal plane

90
Q

Which of the following structures does not insert on the Pes Anserine

A

Iliotibial (IT) band

91
Q

Patient presents with hip flexor weakness. Results from your lower extremity manual muscle testing indicted that knee extension was strong (5/5), however hip adduction was also found to be weak. What is most likely the involved structure

A

L2 nerve root

92
Q

A majority of the lymph returned to venous circulation is returned via the __ venous angle which is supplied by the __ duct

A

Left; thoracic

93
Q

Which muscle is not innervated by the deep peroneal nerve?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

94
Q

The Gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the ___ and receives blood from the __ artery

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1); superior gluteal artery

95
Q

The adductor __ receives dual innervation from the __ nerve as well as the __ nerve.

A

Magnus; obturator; sciatic

96
Q

Pes planus is associated with __

A

Instability of the foot

97
Q

The internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, obturator internus, and nerve to obturator interus all pass through which structure?

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

98
Q

Patient presents in clinic with limited ability to dorsiflex their right ankle, as well as a lack of sensation in the web spacing between the 1st and 2nd toe of their right foot. Upon evaluation, you recognize their ability to extend their great to on their right foot is also limited. With this information you suspect the patient impinged their __

A

Deep peroneal nerve

99
Q

Which series of blood vessels is in the correct order with respect to blood flow?

A

Anterior tibial artery>dorsal pedal artery> arcuate artery

100
Q

A middle-aged male patient comes into your clinic walking with a limp. He complains of pain about 4-7cm from the heel posteriorly, and says sometimes it acts up when he plays tennis. You suspect it may be achilles tendinopathy or an achilles tendon rupture. Which of the following would NOT be included as part of a physical exam that would help confirm your preliminary diagnosis?

A

Varus stress test

Anatomy (6 decks)

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