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NRSG 106: Pharmacology > [Exam 1] Module 1: Introduction to Pharmacology > Flashcards

[Exam 1] Module 1: Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmaceutics definition

A

Address how various drug forms affect the dissolution of a drug, the absorption rate of a drug, and subsequently, its onset of action

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2
Q

EC meaning

A

Enteric-coated drugs; dissolve when drug reaches the intestine

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3
Q

ER meaning

A

Extended-release drugs, release over a period of time

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4
Q

XL meaning

A

Extended length

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5
Q

SR or XR meaning?

A

Sustained release

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6
Q

SA meaning?

A

Sustained action

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7
Q

Three ways Parenteral (Infectable) drugs can be administered?

A

Intravenously into a vein (IV)

Subcutaneously into subcutaneous tissue (Sub-Q)

Intramuscularly into muscle tissue (IM)

Come as liquid or dry form

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8
Q

Onset of IV administration?

A

Immediate and complete, resulting in immediate onset of action

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9
Q

Subcutaneous absorption rapid if

A

if highly water soluble and good circulatory flow

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10
Q

Subcutaneous absorption slow if

A

poorly water soluble and/or circulatory blood flow is slow or impaired

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11
Q

Subcutaneous onset?

A

Variable, depending on circulatory system

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12
Q

Where can topical or transdermal drugs be applied?

A

Client’s skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, or lungs

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13
Q

Topical drugs onset, and duration?

A

Deliver constant amount of drug over extended period of time, with a slower onset of action and longer duration of action than oral or parenterally administered drugs

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14
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

Describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs

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15
Q

Absorption definition

A

Movement of drugs from site of administration to various tissues of body

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16
Q

Distribution definition

A

Movement of drug by circulatory system to intended site of action

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17
Q

Metabolism definition

A

Change that occurs in a drug into a more or less potent form of the drug, more soluble form of the drug, or an inactive form of the drug

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18
Q

Livers function with metabolism?

A

Responsible for most of the metabolism of drugs that occurs in the body

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19
Q

When does Transformation occur?

A

When the structure of the drug is chemically altered during metabolism. New or altered drug is called a metabolite.

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20
Q

What is the Drug Half-Life?

A

The time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in amount by half

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21
Q

Drugs onset definition

A

Amount of time it takes for the drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response

22
Q

Drugs peak effect definition

A

The time it takes the drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect

23
Q

Drugs duration of action definition

A

Length of time the drugs therapeutic effect lasts, without additional doses

24
Q

What must you do with drugs in order for it to be effective?

A

You must maintain a therapeutic level

25
Q

Peak level of drugs is

A

the point in time when the drug is at its highest in the body

26
Q

The trough level of a drug is

A

the point in time when the drug is at its lowest level in the body

27
Q

Pharmacodynamics definition

A

Biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of taking a drug

28
Q

Therapeutic effects definition

A

Intended effects of the drug

29
Q

Adverse drug reactions are

A

the unintended effects of the drug

30
Q

What are Agonists?

A

Drugs that bind with a receptor and precipitate a greater than typical response

31
Q

Antagonists definition

A

Drugs that bind with a receptor and either blood a response or precipitate a less than typical response

32
Q

The action a drug exerts in the body is a drug’s expected

A

pharmacologic action

33
Q

What are Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)

A

They are non therapeutic, unintended effects of a drug that occur at a therapeutic dose. They may be predictable or unpredictable

34
Q

What is an anaphylactic shock?

A

An exaggerated repsonse of the body’s immune system to a drug, which precipitates a massive release of histamine

35
Q

Treatment of anaphylactic shock includes

A

an re-establishment of an airway and oxygen therapy

36
Q

What is drug tolerance?

A

The bodys decreased response to a drug it receives over a period of time

37
Q

What is drug sensitivity?

A

May occur in clients secondary to metabolic changes, such as impaired hepatic and renal function. Body unable to metabolize and excrete the single dose of medication

38
Q

What is drug toxicity?

A

Occurs when a client receives drugs in excessive dosages, resulting in negative physiologic effects.

39
Q

What is a contraindication?

A

Some drugs that a provider should not prescribe because they have the potential to cause serious or life-threatening adverse drug reactions

40
Q

What can grapefruit juice do?

A

Can decrease the enzymtic metabolism of certain drugs, increasing their potency and risk for toxicity

41
Q

Grapefruit Juice effect?

A

Toxicity due to slowed metabolism and increased drug levels

42
Q

Dietary tyramine (wine, processed meats) effect?

A

Hypertensive Crisis

43
Q

Milk effect

A

Reduced therapeutic effect

44
Q

Avocados effect

A

reduced therapeutic effect

45
Q

High-protein meals

A

sudden loss of therapeutic effect

46
Q

drug-drug interactions definition

A

when one drug changes the way another drug affects the body

47
Q

Synergistic definition

A

When you add 1 + 1 and the result is greater than one

48
Q

What are category D drugs?

A

they carry a possible risk to the fetus

49
Q

What are category x drugs?

A

they demonstrate a relationship between fetal malformation and drug therapy

50
Q

What does the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) mandate?

A

Three sections for labeling:

Pregnancy, lactation, and female and male reproductive potential

51
Q

Indications definition

A

Indication section provides information on conditions and diseases for which the drug is used

NRSG 106: Pharmacology (14 decks)

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