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NRSG 106: Pharmacology > [Exam 1] Module 11 - Drug Therapy for Inflammation > Flashcards

[Exam 1] Module 11 - Drug Therapy for Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Urocosuric Drugs treat

A

Gout

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2
Q

Corticosteroids treat

A

Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

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3
Q

Uricosurics: What is gout?

A

Inflammatory disorder that occurs secondary to high levels of uric acid in the blood. Called Hyperuricemia deposited in joints.

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4
Q

Gout: Joints primarily affected are

A

small joints in the body, big toe in particular

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5
Q

Gout: If untreated after several years, crystal deposit in

A

the skin and various organs in the body

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6
Q

Gout: Uriosurics treat

A

the hyperuricemia tha causes gout or occurs secondayr to cancer chemotherap

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7
Q

Uriosurics - Prototype:

A

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

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8
Q

Uriosurics - Expeced Pharmacologic Action: This works how

A

Allopurinol inhibit enzyme xanthin oxidase (XO) from converting hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid

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9
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: Some clients may experience

A

hypersensitivity syndrome, which manifests as fever, rash, eosinophilia.

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10
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: May have GI Disturbances like

A

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

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11
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: May have CNS effects like

A

drowsiness, headache, and vertigo

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12
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: May report what taste in their mouth?

A

Metallic tase

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13
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: What may happen if you take this for over three years?

A

Cataracts

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14
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: If just starting to take, monitor for

A

symptoms of hypersensitivty syndrome. If fever or rash develops , stop immediately and check liver and kidneys

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15
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: If N/V occur, give

A

drugs after meals and ensure adequaute hydration

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16
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: If experience drowsiness or vertigo…

A

assit the cleint whem abulating to prevent falls

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17
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: What to give for mild headache?

A

Mild analgesic

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18
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: How to monitor effectiveness of drug?

A

Monitor uric acid

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19
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: Can give this how?

A

Orally or by IV infusion

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20
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: Obtain what at first?

A

Clients baseline uric acid level and monitor every 1-2 weeks.

CBC and Liver adnd Kidney function tests to determine baseline

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21
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: How can pill be taken for those taking it orally?

A

Can crush pills and mix them with food or fluid

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22
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: When using IV, how to administer?

A

Administer usign recommended dilution and infuse over 30-60 minutes.

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23
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: Water drinkage?

A

Drink at least 3 L of water per day

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24
Q

Uriosurics - Client Instructions: Immedately report

A

Fever, Rash, Abdominal Pain, Swelling, or Low Urine Output and stop taking

Could indicate hypersensitivity syndrome.

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25
Q

Uriosurics - Client Instructions: If bone marrow suppression occurs.. make sure clients to immediately report

A

bleeding, easy bruising, or sore throat

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26
Q

Uriosurics - Client Instructions: Make sure they minimize exposure to what?

A

Sunlight by wearing UV Protecton due to chance of having cataracts. . Blurred vision or loss of color acuity may occur.

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27
Q

Uriosurics - Client Instructions: What to do if drug causes nausea?

A

Take drug with food or right after a meal

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28
Q

Uriosurics - Client Instructions: Excretion of Uric acid from blood through kidneys can cause what?

A

Nephropathy is adequate fluids not consumed. Drink 3L/day of lfluid

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29
Q

Uriosurics - Contraindications and Precautions: Use allopurinol with cautions for clients who have

A

bone marrow depression, lever or renal dysfunction, peptic ulcer disease, or lower GI tract disease

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30
Q

Uriosurics - Interactions: Warfarin

A

Increases anticoagulant effect, so use lower dosage.

31
Q

Uriosurics - Interactions: Usig this with Theolair increases risk for

A

toxicity

32
Q

Uriosurics - Interactions: Use with Ampicillin increases clients risk for

A

rash

33
Q

Glucocorticoids: Drug used for

A

relief of pain and inflammation in relation to wide variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.

34
Q

Glucocorticoids: Used in the management of

A

many skin disorders and allergic reactions to delay progression of some disorders, such as RA.

35
Q

Glucocorticoids - Prototype:

A

Prednisone (Deltasone)

36
Q

Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: These are steroids produced by

A

adrenal cortex

37
Q

Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Glucocorticoids help regulate

A

carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.

38
Q

Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Produced in response to

A

stress in an effort to restore emotional stability.

39
Q

Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Most important effect of cortisol is

A

its ability to produce anti-inflammatory effcts in the body as well as suppress the immune system

40
Q

Mineralocorticoids promote

A

retention of sidum by the kidney and secondary fluid and electrolyte levels in the body

41
Q

Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Drugs used for their inflammatory propertieis are

A

glucocorticoids . Mimick cortisol by suppressing inflammation and imune response. Do this by inhibiting prostaglandins, which decreases pain and swelling, and decreases production of lymphocytes

42
Q

Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: First, they suppress

A

adrenal function because adrenal gland no longer produces its own cortisol

43
Q

Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Ability to inhibit prostaglandins synthesis makes clients a risk for

A

peptic ulcer disease and GI distress

44
Q

Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Ability o suppress immune system makes clients more susceptible to

A

infection.

45
Q

Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Due to effect on fat metabolism, redistrubtion of what can occur?

A

Fat, increasing fat deposiiton in face, torso, and upper back

46
Q

Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Due to abilit to draw calcium out of bones when given over time what can occur?

A

Significant bone loss, causing osteoporisis. Catarcts can also occur.

47
Q

Glucocorticoids - interventions: When administering to clients experiencing physical or emotional stress, monitor them for

A

signs of adrenal insufficiency such as hypotension and fatigue.

48
Q

Glucocorticoids - interventions: Obserse stools for

A

signs of GI bleeding such as black, tarry stools

49
Q

Glucocorticoids - interventions: Implement gastric protective measures by giving drug with

A

food or meals

50
Q

Glucocorticoids - interventions: Observe for signs of infection that may not include

A

fever or inflammation such as sore throat, fatigue.

51
Q

Glucocorticoids - interventions: Monitor I/O and watch for what wth lungs?

A

Edema, craackles and unexpected weight gain which could indicate hypernatremia.

52
Q

Glucocorticoids - interventions: Generalized weakness may indicate?

A

Hypokalemia.

53
Q

Glucocorticoids - Administration: This can be given how?

A

Orally

Intravenously,

Intramuscularly,

Subcutaneously

Topically

Intranasally

Inhallation

54
Q

Glucocorticoids - Administration: For short term use, how should dose be?

A

Give leargest dose on first day, which smaller doses for the next 8 days. `

55
Q

Glucocorticoids - Administration: Dosage when on long term use?

A

REcommend alternate-day dosing so that you don’t suppress function of adrenal glands.

56
Q

Glucocorticoids - Administration: Remember to recomend and give supplemental doses as needed in times of

A

stress

57
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: For short term therapy, tell clients to

A

follow instrcution carefully since each days dose adn number of pills may be different

58
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Alternate day therapy shoul dinclude

A

calendar so they can track when they’ve taken it

59
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: When sick, they shoul dcontact

A

their provider because they may need higher dosages

60
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: How to get off drug?

A

Not at once. Slowly taper it off.

61
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Due to gastric irritation and ulcerrtaion, talk about recommending

A

acetaminophen for pain and avoiding NSAIDs

62
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Drugs should be taken with

A

food or meals to minimize gastric distress

63
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: What might happen because of fat distribution?

A

TRuncal obesity which includes a moon-shaped face and a hump on the uppe rpart of their back

64
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: How to prevent osteoporosis?

A

Perform weight-bearing exercises dail and consume Vitamin D.

65
Q

Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Warn client of the sun, which has risk for

A

cataract development , with symptoms of blurred vision and loss of color acuity

66
Q

Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions: Those who have what should no take this?

A

Systemic fungal infection or cataracts.

67
Q

Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions: Give in caution for those with

A

HF, Peptic Ulcer DIsease, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, REnal Dysfunction and Osteoporosis.

68
Q

Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Mineralocorticoid effects also cause

A

increased retnetion of sodium and water in the body, increased severity of hypertension and HF

69
Q

Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Ability of glucocorticoids to inhibit prostaglandins decreased production of mucus in stomach, increasing risk for

A

ulcers

70
Q

Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Those with diabetes are more prone to

A

hyperglycemia

71
Q

Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Long-term use and muscles?

A

Muscle atropgy and weakness that occurs with long-term therapy exacerbates the weakness of those with Myasthenia gravis experience, disease that causes muscle weakness.

72
Q

Glucocorticoids - Interactions: Prevent body from responding effectively to

A

vaccines. Increases risk for decreased antibody response

73
Q

Glucocorticoids - Interactions: Using this with Diuretics causes

A

risk of hypokalemia

NRSG 106: Pharmacology (14 decks)

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