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NRSG 106: Pharmacology > [Exam 1] Module 11 - Drug Therapy for Inflammation > Flashcards

[Exam 1] Module 11 - Drug Therapy for Inflammation Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Urocosuric Drugs treat

A

Gout

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2
Q

Corticosteroids treat

A

Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

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3
Q

Uricosurics: What is gout?

A

Inflammatory disorder that occurs secondary to high levels of uric acid in the blood. Called Hyperuricemia deposited in joints.

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4
Q

Gout: Joints primarily affected are

A

small joints in the body, big toe in particular

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5
Q

Gout: If untreated after several years, crystal deposit in

A

the skin and various organs in the body

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6
Q

Gout: Uriosurics treat

A

the hyperuricemia tha causes gout or occurs secondayr to cancer chemotherap

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7
Q

Uriosurics - Prototype:

A

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

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8
Q

Uriosurics - Expeced Pharmacologic Action: This works how

A

Allopurinol inhibit enzyme xanthin oxidase (XO) from converting hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid

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9
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: Some clients may experience

A

hypersensitivity syndrome, which manifests as fever, rash, eosinophilia.

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10
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: May have GI Disturbances like

A

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

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11
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: May have CNS effects like

A

drowsiness, headache, and vertigo

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12
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: May report what taste in their mouth?

A

Metallic tase

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13
Q

Uriosurics - Adverse Drug Reactions: What may happen if you take this for over three years?

A

Cataracts

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14
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: If just starting to take, monitor for

A

symptoms of hypersensitivty syndrome. If fever or rash develops , stop immediately and check liver and kidneys

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15
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: If N/V occur, give

A

drugs after meals and ensure adequaute hydration

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16
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: If experience drowsiness or vertigo…

A

assit the cleint whem abulating to prevent falls

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17
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: What to give for mild headache?

A

Mild analgesic

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18
Q

Uriosurics - Interventions: How to monitor effectiveness of drug?

A

Monitor uric acid

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19
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: Can give this how?

A

Orally or by IV infusion

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20
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: Obtain what at first?

A

Clients baseline uric acid level and monitor every 1-2 weeks.

CBC and Liver adnd Kidney function tests to determine baseline

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21
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: How can pill be taken for those taking it orally?

A

Can crush pills and mix them with food or fluid

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22
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: When using IV, how to administer?

A

Administer usign recommended dilution and infuse over 30-60 minutes.

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23
Q

Uriosurics - Administration: Water drinkage?

A

Drink at least 3 L of water per day

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24
Q

Uriosurics - Client Instructions: Immedately report

A

Fever, Rash, Abdominal Pain, Swelling, or Low Urine Output and stop taking

Could indicate hypersensitivity syndrome.

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25
Uriosurics - Client Instructions: If bone marrow suppression occurs.. make sure clients to immediately report
bleeding, easy bruising, or sore throat
26
Uriosurics - Client Instructions: Make sure they minimize exposure to what?
Sunlight by wearing UV Protecton due to chance of having cataracts. . Blurred vision or loss of color acuity may occur.
27
Uriosurics - Client Instructions: What to do if drug causes nausea?
Take drug with food or right after a meal
28
Uriosurics - Client Instructions: Excretion of Uric acid from blood through kidneys can cause what?
Nephropathy is adequate fluids not consumed. Drink 3L/day of lfluid
29
Uriosurics - Contraindications and Precautions: Use allopurinol with cautions for clients who have
bone marrow depression, lever or renal dysfunction, peptic ulcer disease, or lower GI tract disease
30
Uriosurics - Interactions: Warfarin
Increases anticoagulant effect, so use lower dosage.
31
Uriosurics - Interactions: Usig this with Theolair increases risk for
toxicity
32
Uriosurics - Interactions: Use with Ampicillin increases clients risk for
rash
33
Glucocorticoids: Drug used for
relief of pain and inflammation in relation to wide variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
34
Glucocorticoids: Used in the management of
many skin disorders and allergic reactions to delay progression of some disorders, such as RA.
35
Glucocorticoids - Prototype:
Prednisone (Deltasone)
36
Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: These are steroids produced by
adrenal cortex
37
Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Glucocorticoids help regulate
carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
38
Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Produced in response to
stress in an effort to restore emotional stability.
39
Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Most important effect of cortisol is
its ability to produce anti-inflammatory effcts in the body as well as suppress the immune system
40
Mineralocorticoids promote
retention of sidum by the kidney and secondary fluid and electrolyte levels in the body
41
Glucocorticoids - Expected Pharmacologic Action: Drugs used for their inflammatory propertieis are
glucocorticoids . Mimick cortisol by suppressing inflammation and imune response. Do this by inhibiting prostaglandins, which decreases pain and swelling, and decreases production of lymphocytes
42
Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: First, they suppress
adrenal function because adrenal gland no longer produces its own cortisol
43
Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Ability to inhibit prostaglandins synthesis makes clients a risk for
peptic ulcer disease and GI distress
44
Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Ability o suppress immune system makes clients more susceptible to
infection.
45
Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Due to effect on fat metabolism, redistrubtion of what can occur?
Fat, increasing fat deposiiton in face, torso, and upper back
46
Glucocorticoids - Adverse Drug Reactions: Due to abilit to draw calcium out of bones when given over time what can occur?
Significant bone loss, causing osteoporisis. Catarcts can also occur.
47
Glucocorticoids - interventions: When administering to clients experiencing physical or emotional stress, monitor them for
signs of adrenal insufficiency such as hypotension and fatigue.
48
Glucocorticoids - interventions: Obserse stools for
signs of GI bleeding such as black, tarry stools
49
Glucocorticoids - interventions: Implement gastric protective measures by giving drug with
food or meals
50
Glucocorticoids - interventions: Observe for signs of infection that may not include
fever or inflammation such as sore throat, fatigue.
51
Glucocorticoids - interventions: Monitor I/O and watch for what wth lungs?
Edema, craackles and unexpected weight gain which could indicate hypernatremia.
52
Glucocorticoids - interventions: Generalized weakness may indicate?
Hypokalemia.
53
Glucocorticoids - Administration: This can be given how?
Orally Intravenously, Intramuscularly, Subcutaneously Topically Intranasally Inhallation
54
Glucocorticoids - Administration: For short term use, how should dose be?
Give leargest dose on first day, which smaller doses for the next 8 days. `
55
Glucocorticoids - Administration: Dosage when on long term use?
REcommend alternate-day dosing so that you don't suppress function of adrenal glands.
56
Glucocorticoids - Administration: Remember to recomend and give supplemental doses as needed in times of
stress
57
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: For short term therapy, tell clients to
follow instrcution carefully since each days dose adn number of pills may be different
58
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Alternate day therapy shoul dinclude
calendar so they can track when they've taken it
59
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: When sick, they shoul dcontact
their provider because they may need higher dosages
60
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: How to get off drug?
Not at once. Slowly taper it off.
61
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Due to gastric irritation and ulcerrtaion, talk about recommending
acetaminophen for pain and avoiding NSAIDs
62
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Drugs should be taken with
food or meals to minimize gastric distress
63
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: What might happen because of fat distribution?
TRuncal obesity which includes a moon-shaped face and a hump on the uppe rpart of their back
64
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: How to prevent osteoporosis?
Perform weight-bearing exercises dail and consume Vitamin D.
65
Glucocorticoids - Client Instructions: Warn client of the sun, which has risk for
cataract development , with symptoms of blurred vision and loss of color acuity
66
Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions: Those who have what should no take this?
Systemic fungal infection or cataracts.
67
Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions: Give in caution for those with
HF, Peptic Ulcer DIsease, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, REnal Dysfunction and Osteoporosis.
68
Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Mineralocorticoid effects also cause
increased retnetion of sodium and water in the body, increased severity of hypertension and HF
69
Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Ability of glucocorticoids to inhibit prostaglandins decreased production of mucus in stomach, increasing risk for
ulcers
70
Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Those with diabetes are more prone to
hyperglycemia
71
Glucocorticoids - Contraindications and Precautions (Safety Alert): Long-term use and muscles?
Muscle atropgy and weakness that occurs with long-term therapy exacerbates the weakness of those with Myasthenia gravis experience, disease that causes muscle weakness.
72
Glucocorticoids - Interactions: Prevent body from responding effectively to
vaccines. Increases risk for decreased antibody response
73
Glucocorticoids - Interactions: Using this with Diuretics causes
risk of hypokalemia

NRSG 106: Pharmacology (14 decks)

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