Exam 1 Module 3

Question 1

what does EPMM stand for?

Answer 1

Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality

Question 2

what are 5 strategic objectives for EMPP?

Answer 2

1. address inequities in access to and quality of sexual, reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care
2. ensure universal health coverage for comprehensive sexual, reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care
3. address all causes of maternal mortality, reproductive and maternal morbidities, and related disabilities
4. strengthen health systems to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls
5. ensure accountability to improve quality of care and equity

Question 3

describe the CDC & prevention goal

Answer 3

prevention measures to reduce maternal and infant mortality

Question 4

what are 2 ways to reduce maternal & infant mortality before conception?

Answer 4

screen women for health risks & pre-existing chronic conditions & advise women to avoid alcohol, tobacco & illicit drugs

Question 5

what are 2 ways to reduce maternal & infant mortality during pregnancy?

Answer 5

• provide women with early access to high-quality care throughout pregnancy, labor, and delivery
• educate women about the early signs of pregnancy-related problems

Question 6

what are 2 ways to reduce maternal & infant mortality during the postpartum period?

Answer 6

• provide info about well-baby care and benefits of breast feeding
• educate parents about how to protect their infants from exposure to infectious diseases and harmful substance

Question 7

what is the contributing factor & strategy used to prevent future pregnancy-related deaths at the community level?

Answer 7

contributing factor: unstable housing
strategies used: prioritize pregnant & postpartum women for temporary housing programs

Question 8

what is the contributing factor & strategy used to prevent future pregnancy-related deaths at the health facility level?

Answer 8

contributing factor: limited experience w obstetric emergencies
strategies used: implement obstetric emergency simulation training for emergency department & obstetric staff members

Question 9

what is the contributing factor & strategy used to prevent future pregnancy-related deaths at the patient / family level?

Answer 9

contributing factor: nonadherence to medical regimens or advice
strategies used: strengthen & expand access to patient navigators, case managers & peer support

Question 10

what is the contributing factor & strategy used to prevent future pregnancy-related deaths at the provider level?

Answer 10

contributing factor: missed or delayed diagnosis
strategies used: **offer provider education on cardiac conditions in pregnant & postpartum women
**

Question 11

what is the contributing factor & strategy used to prevent future pregnancy-related deaths at the system level?

Answer 11

contributing factor: case coordination or management
strategies used: implement a postpartum care transition bundle for better integration of services for women at high risk

Question 12

when a women dies during pregnancy or childbirth, this death can send the family into…

Answer 12

poverty

Question 13

what are the 5 major complications in majority of all maternal deaths?

Answer 13

1. severe bleeding (usually after childbirth)
2. infections (usually after childbirth)
3. high blood pressure during pregnancy
4. complications from delivery
5. unsafe abortion

Question 14

what are the top 3 causes of maternal death in the US?

Answer 14

1. cardiovascular conditions (during or after childbirth)
2. infection or sepsis (usually after childbirth)
3. cardiomyopathy

Question 15

infant mortality

Answer 15

death within the first year of life

Question 16

child mortality

Answer 16

death within 1-5 years of life

Question 17

which country has the world’s highest infant mortality rate?

Answer 17

India

Question 18

which country has the highest child mortality rate?

Answer 18

Nigeria

Question 19

which country has the highest maternal mortality rate?

Answer 19

US

Question 20

what are the top 5 causes of infant AND child mortality worldwide?

Answer 20

1. pneumonia / lower resp disorders
2. preterm birth & neonatal disorders
3. diarrheal diseases
4. cogenital defects
5. infectious diseases

Question 21

Ohio is which place in the nation for highest infant mortality rates?

Answer 21

41st

Question 22

what are the top 5 causes of infant mortality in the US?

Answer 22

1. birth defects
2. low birth weight & preterm birth
3. SIDS
4. injuries (ex: suffocation)
5. maternal pregnancy complications

Question 23

what are the 3 leading causes of death in ages 1-5?

Answer 23

1. unintentional injury (DROWNING IS #1 & MVA is #2)
2. congenital abnormalities
3. homicide

Question 24

what are ways to prevent drowning deaths?

Answer 24

• swim lessons
• every adult accompanying child in water should know CPR basics
• barriers —> pools should be fenced = prevent falling in
• life jackets
• stay vigilant —> can happen so fast

Question 25

how do we prevent death by MVA?

Answer 25

BUCKLE UP!

Question 26

**what is the #1 way to prevent many child homicides?**

Answer 26

invest more in primary prevention & intervention of intimate partner violence

Question 27

what are some long-lasting effects of poverty on school aged children?

Answer 27

- mental health issues - increased rates of depression - anxiety - decreased levels of cognitive development - increased chronic health diseases - injuries/accidents - can engage in more risky behavior (smoking, vaping, early sexual activity, alcohol use/abuse, and delinquent behaviors)

Question 28

**what are 3 main school-aged health concerns?**

Answer 28

1. asthma / physical health conditions 2. mental health conditions 3. neurodevelopment disorders

Question 29

what 2 things can mental health disorders be caused by?

Answer 29

genetics & environmental causes

Question 30

what is a common sign seen in a child who may have a mental health disorder?

Answer 30

refusal to go to school

Question 31

list 5 major focuses in young adult women ages 18-34

Answer 31

1. forming identity & intimacy 2. spouse & fam 3. typically healthy (risky behaviors may remain) 4. EDs 5. reproductive health & family planning

Question 32

list focuses for middle adult women ages 35 - 64

Answer 32

- health choices, good or bad - undetected diseases - menopause and hormone related treatment - osteoporosis - heart disease - cancer - chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome

Question 33

**how does gender influence health?**

Answer 33

men are less likely to have knowledge of health activities and are less likely to participate in education or screening, and less likely to go to HCPs

Question 34

list some major focuses on young adult men ages 18-34

Answer 34

1. education, career, family 2. experimentation (drugs / sex) 3. risky behaviors 4. question sexuality 5. HIV & men 6. testicular cancer (higher incidence in young men vs older)

Question 35

major focuses in middle adult men (ages 35-64)

Answer 35

1. physical, emotional, financial demands 2. midlife crisis (depression) 3. retirement 4. reproductive health (increased difficulty in sexual performance, STIs) 5. heart disease & men 6. prostate health

Question 36

what is the leading cause of death globally?

Answer 36

ischemic heart disease

Question 37

**what are the top 3 leading causes of death in males?**

Answer 37

1. heart disease 2. cancer 3. unintentional injuries

Question 38

**what are the top 3 leading causes of death in females?**

Answer 38

1. heart disease 2. cancer 3. chronic lower respiratory diseases

Question 39

which 4 domains does the CDC work through to prevent chronic diseases & their risk factors?

Answer 39

1. epidemiology & surveillance 2. environmental approaches 3. health care system interventions 4. community programs linked to clinical services

Question 40

health goal for older adults 65+

Answer 40

"age in place" stay in their home w necessary modifications

Question 41

how does secondary prevention help w goals in the elderly?

Answer 41

ensures prompt early diagnosis and treatment

Question 42

how does tertiary prevention help w goals in the elderly?

Answer 42

aids in rehab and continuing health promotion, preventing or delaying chronic diseases, to promptly diagnose and treat conditions, until ***the fullest possible potential is restored***

Question 43

what does health people 2030 focus on?

Answer 43

reducing health problems and improving quality of life for older adults