exam 1 nutrition Flashcards
(46 cards)
what are the three types of carbohydrates?
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides`
what are the three types of monosaccharides
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
what are the three types of disaccharides
- sucrose
- lactose
- maltose
what are the two types of polysaccharides
- glycogen
- starch
what makes an oligosaccaride?
3-10 sugar units
what are the epithelial cells of the small intestine?
enterocytes
what do enterocytes release?
brush border enzymes
what are the three brush border enzymes
- lactase
- maltase
- sucrase
what is the purpose of brush border enzymes
to break down disaccharides into monosaccharides
where do monosaccarides get absorbed into?
enterocytes in the small intestine
two functions of enterocytes
- secrete enzymes
- absorb nutrients
which mechanism of nutrient absorption is used for glucose and galactose?
active transport
which mechanism of absorption is used for fructose
facilitated diffustion
glycogenesis
process of converting glucose to glycogen
where does glucose get used once absorbed
transported to tissues for energy or converted into glycogen for storage
lypogenesis
process of converting glucose to fat for storage
three types of lipids
- triglycerides
- phospholipids
- sterols
what is the structure of triglycerides
- glycerol backbone
- 3 fatty acids
what is the structure of phospolipids
- glycerol backbone
- 2 fatty acids
- phosphate group
- nitrogen group (sometimes)
what is the structure of a sterol
4 carbon-hydrogen connected rings
what is the structure of a fatty acid
- carbon-hydrogen chain
- acid group (alpha side)
- methyl group (omega end)
short chain fatty acid
<8 carbons
medium chain fatty acid
8-12 carbons
long chain fatty acid
12+ carbons
