exercise phys exam 2

Question 1

lactate threshold

Answer 1

the point where there is a sudden increase in blood lactate concentration during the incremental test

Question 2

Fick equation

Answer 2

vo2=CO x (a-v O2)

Question 3

O2 drift

Answer 3

vo2 gradually increases despite intensity staying the same

Question 4

what influences O2 drift

Answer 4

• hot environment
• high intensity

Question 5

vo2 max

Answer 5

the plateau in vo2 despite intensity getting harder

Question 6

RER equation

Answer 6

VCO2/VO2
produced/consumed

Question 7

an RER of 1 is relying on what?

Answer 7

carbs

Question 8

an RER of 0.70 is relying on what?

Answer 8

fats

Question 9

crossover concept

Answer 9

rely less on fats and more on carbs as intensity increases

Question 10

lactate during exercise acts as a?

Answer 10

signaling metabolite

Question 11

lactate reduces what?

Answer 11

lipolysis

Question 12

short term high intensity exercise relies on what system

Answer 12

ATP-PC system

Question 13

as duration of high intensity exercise goes on, what do you rely on?

Answer 13

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 14

prolonged low intensity exercise relies on what?

Answer 14

aerobic metabolism

Question 15

what does aerobic metabolism use as fuel?

Answer 15

carbs and fats

Question 16

what is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

Answer 16

phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 17

what molecule must be used to start the krebs cycle?

Answer 17

acetyl coa

Question 18

what is the prep step?

Answer 18

pyruvate being converted to acetyl coa

Question 19

how many NADH get formed from pyruvate

Answer 19

2 NADH

Question 20

how many ATP does NADH yield?

Answer 20

2.5 ATP

Question 21

how many ATP does FADH yield?

Answer 21

1.5 ATP

Question 22

what is the rate limiting enzyme of the krebs cycle?

Answer 22

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 23

how many ATP is each acetyl coa worth?

Answer 23

10 ATP

Question 24

why does the krebs cycle happen twice?

Answer 24

because there are 2 pyruvates that get converted into 2 acetyl coa

Question 25

how many molecules are yielded after the krebs cycle?

Answer 25

4 NADH (one comes from prep step) 1 FADH 1 ATP

Question 26

how many ATP do 4 H+ yield?

Answer 26

1 ATP

Question 27

what is the total yielded ATP from glycolysis and the krebs cycle when starting with glucose?

Answer 27

32 ATP

Question 28

the glycerol backbone is worth how many ATP?

Answer 28

19 ATP

Question 29

what enzyme breaks down triglycerides?

Answer 29

hormone sensitive lipase

Question 30

what are the fuel sources of aerobic metabolism?

Answer 30

- pcr - glucose - glycogen

Question 31

what are the fuel sources for anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 31

- fats - glucose - glycogen

Question 32

what is beta oxidation?

Answer 32

converting fatty acids to acetyl coa

Question 33

each cut of carbons yields how many ATP?

Answer 33

4 ATP

Question 34

what is the total yielded ATP from glycolysis and the krebs cycle when starting with glycogen?

Answer 34

33 ATP

Question 35

what is the rate limiting enzyme of the atp pc system?

Answer 35

creatine kinase

Question 36

what is the rate limiting enzme of the electron transport chain?

Answer 36

cytochrome oxidase

Question 37

what is the first line of defense when you deplete ATP?

Answer 37

pcr system

Question 38

what is the end product of aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 38

2 pyruvate

Question 39

what is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 39

2 lactate

Question 40

what is the function of enzymes?

Answer 40

lower rate of activation

Question 41

what will an increase in temperature do to enzymes?

Answer 41

increase enzyme activity

Question 42

at rest what metabolism produces ATP

Answer 42

aerobic metabolism

Question 43

oxygen deficit

Answer 43

lag in oxygen uptake at beginning of exercise

Question 44

phase II of oxygen uptake kinetics how long it takes to get to?

Answer 44

63% of steady state

Question 45

phase III is what?

Answer 45

steady state

Question 46

a smaller oxygen deficit relies on?

Answer 46

less anerobic metabolism

Question 47

a bigger oxygen deficit relies on?

Answer 47

more anerobic metabolism

Question 48

what does EPOC stand for?

Answer 48

excess post exercise oxygen consumption

Question 49

what is EPOC?

Answer 49

when oxygen uptake remains elevated above rest into recovery

Question 50

what are the three energy systems?

Answer 50

- ATP PC - glycolysis - oxidative phosphorylation

Question 51

during low intensity exercise, what is the main fuel source?

Answer 51

plasma FFA

Question 52

during high intensity exercise, what is the main fuel source?

Answer 52

muscle glycogen

Question 53

what are the muscle fuel sources?

Answer 53

- muscle glycogen - plasma glucose - plasma FFA - muscle triglycerides

Question 54

In general, as exercise duration increases _____ are utilized less and _____ are utilized more

Answer 54

muscle stores, circulating sources

Question 55

Which of the following are true statements about a trained subject engaging in aerobic activity vs an untrained individual?

Answer 55

they produce less lactate

Question 56

Which of the following is true of hormone sensitive lipase?

Answer 56

it is inhibited by lactase

Question 57

rapid portion of EPOC

Answer 57

- replenish muscle + blood O2 stores - resyntheis of stored pc

Question 58

slow portion of EPOC

Answer 58

- lactate converts to glucose - elevated body temp - elevated HR and breathing - elevated epinephrine + norinephrine

Question 59

Which of the following is required to trap glucose in the cell, enabling glycolysis to occur?

Answer 59

hexokinase