Exam 1 part 1

Question 1

What kind of planet is Earth?

Answer 1

It is small and self contained, dynamic/active

Question 2

What are Earth’s four spheres?

Answer 2

1) Hydrosphere (water)
2) Atmosphere (Air/gases)
3) Biosphere (Life)
4) Geosphere (Solid rock)

Question 3

What do the spheres have to do with one another?

Answer 3

They interact, you cannot have one sphere without the other.

Question 4

What is the aim of Earth Science?

Answer 4

To study the Earth as a system composed of numerous interacting parts, subsystems.

Question 5

What does it mean to study the earth interdisciplinary?

Answer 5

It means to study all of the different spheres.

Question 6

What is a system?

Answer 6

Any size group of interacting parts that for a complex whole.

Question 7

What do you need to have a complete system?

Answer 7

You need matter moved by energy making it a dynamic system.

Question 8

What are the energies moving our Earth?

Answer 8

Solar energy and internal heat

Question 9

What are the three things that make up the Earth’s internal heat?

Answer 9

1) Gravity
2) Meteor Bombardment
3) Radioactive elements

Question 10

What exactly does solar energy do for the Earth?

Answer 10

It moves both the hydrosphere and the atmosphere, the earth’s surface.

Question 11

How long has the Earth been in operation?

Answer 11

4.6 Billion years

Question 12

What is the goal of science?

Answer 12

To discover patterns in nature and use the knowledge to make predictions

Question 13

How do scientists collect data?

Answer 13

Through observations and measurements.

Question 14

What period are we in?

Answer 14

Inter-glacial period

Question 15

What a hypothesis?

Answer 15

A tentative or untested explanation

Question 16

What is a Theory?

Answer 16

A well tested and widely accepted view that the scientific community agrees best explains certain observable facts

Question 17

What involves the Scientific Method?

Answer 17

Gathering facts through observations and formulating and hypothesis.

Question 18

What are the three internal structure layers of the Earth?

Answer 18

1) Crust
2) Mantle
3) Core

Question 19

What are the four layers of the earth that are defined by physical properties?

Answer 19

1) Lithosphere (1st)
2) Asthenosphere (2nd)
3) Mesosphere (3rd)
4) Inner and outer core (4th and 5th)

Question 20

Which of the three internal structure layers of the earth is the largest?

Answer 20

Mantle

Question 21

What is the core of the earth composed of?

Answer 21

Iron alloy.

Question 22

What is the density of core’s iron alloy?

Answer 22

11 grams per cubic volume

Question 23

What is the mantle composed of?

Answer 23

Peridotite

Question 24

What is Peridotite?

Answer 24

It’s silicate rock

Question 25

What are the 7 elements that silicate is composed of?

Answer 25

Silicon dioxide, iron, magnesium, Calcium, sodium, Potassium, aluminum.

Question 26

What is the two types of crust?

Answer 26

Oceanic crust and continental crust

Question 27

What is the oceanic crust composed of and what is the continental crust composed of?

Answer 27

Basalt and Granite

Question 28

Which of the two crusts is denser than the other?

Answer 28

Oceanic Crust

Question 29

What is the states of matter for the inner core and the outer core?

Answer 29

Inner core is a solid and the outer core is a liquid/plastic type state

Question 30

What controls water's state?

Answer 30

Temperature

Question 31

Why is it that the inner core is a solid even though it is hotter than the outer core?

Answer 31

Because the inner core, while it is hotter than the outer core, it has more pressure being put on it than the outer core, making it a solid.

Question 32

What does our magnetic field do for our planet?

Answer 32

Our magnetic field protects us from solar winds from the sun when it flares up

Question 33

What is charging our magnetic field?

Answer 33

Our liquid core. The outer core.

Question 34

What is the matter state of the asthenosphere and the mesosphere?

Answer 34

The asthenosphere is a liquid/plastic like state while the mesosphere isn't as fluid

Question 35

What are the three rock types?

Answer 35

1) Igneous 2) Sedimentary 3) Metamorphic

Question 36

What are two examples of igneous rocks? One intrusive and one extrusive.

Answer 36

Intrusive: Granite Extrusive: Basalt.

Question 37

What are detrital sedimentary rocks and what are chemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 37

Detrital: Sandstone Chemical: Limestone

Question 38

What does detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks mean?

Answer 38

Detrital sedimentary rocks are from preexisting rocks and chemical rocks are settled out of water after precipitation

Question 39

What are metamorphic rocks made from?

Answer 39

Preexisting igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks.

Question 40

How are Metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 40

Through heat and pressure without melting or breaking the rocks UNDERGROUND

Question 41

What are some examples of metamorphic rocks?

Answer 41

Gneiss and marble

Question 42

What is the rock cycle?

Answer 42

One of earth's subsystems when one type of rock turns into another type of rock

Question 43

What is the most prominent feature of the earth's surface?

Answer 43

The mountain belts.

Question 44

What is the stable interior of the earth?

Answer 44

Craton, it's composed of shields and platforms.

Question 45

What is the most prominent topographic feature on Earth?

Answer 45

Ocean Basins

Question 46

What are ocean basins mostly composed of?

Answer 46

Igneous rock that has been fractured and uplifted.

Question 47

What is apart of the continental margins?

Answer 47

Includes the continental shelf, continental slop and the continental rise.

Question 48

What is a seamount?

Answer 48

A little volcano under the ocean

Question 49

What is relative dating?

Answer 49

It means that the dates are placed in their proper sequence/order without knowing their age in years.

Question 50

Did the planets form at different times than the earth?

Answer 50

No, all the planets formed at essentially the same time.