Exam 2 part 3

Question 1

What happens when a volcano goes extinct?

Answer 1

The tectonic around it become unmovable

Question 2

Where are most volcanoes located?

Answer 2

Either in or near ocean basins

Question 3

Basaltic rocks are oceanic or continental?

Answer 3

They are both

Question 4

Where is the greatest volume of volcanic rocks formed?

Answer 4

At oceanic ridges

Question 5

What happens when the lithosphere is being pulled apart?

Answer 5

Decompression melting occurs at the mantle and large quantities of basaltic magma is produced

Question 6

Where is the world’s most explosive volcanoes and what is their composition?

Answer 6

The ring of fire and their composition is andesite

Question 7

What is all around the pacific basin?

Answer 7

Subduction zones

Question 8

What is intraplate volcanism?

Answer 8

When a volcano occurs within a tectonic plate instead of at the edge of the plate

Question 9

How is it possible for a volcano to occur in the middle of a tectonic plate?

Answer 9

It is possible through mantle plumes creating a hot spot

Question 10

What does a intraplate volcano produce?

Answer 10

Basaltic magma sources in the oceanic crust, can even form land such as Hawaii and Iceland

Question 11

How many hotspots are there is the world?

Answer 11

There are over 20

Question 12

How do igneous rocks form definition/texture?

Answer 12

Through cooling and solidification

Question 13

What creates soil?

Answer 13

The weathering of rocks at the surface, their physical break down is what makes soil

Question 14

What are the 3 external processes of weathering?

Answer 14

1) Weathering
2) Erosion
3) Mass wasting

Question 15

What is erosion and what are the four processes of it?

Answer 15

It is the physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water/wind/ice/gravity.

Question 16

What is mass wasting?

Answer 16

The transfer of rock and soil down slope under the influence of gravity.

Question 17

What is the difference between disintegration and decomposition?

Answer 17

Disintegration is the physical break down of material and decomposition is the chemical alteration of materials

Question 18

What is the most common land form transportation agent?

Answer 18

Rivers

Question 19

What is the first thing to happen after weathering takes place?

Answer 19

Gravity

Question 20

What are creeps and what do they do?

Answer 20

They are land movements, they’re no threat to human life but they do cause more damage than any landslide

Question 21

What are the two types of weathering?

Answer 21

Mechanical and Chemical

Question 22

What are the 4 types of mechanical weathering?

Answer 22

1) Frost wedging
2) Unloading
3) Thermal expansion
4) Biology activity

Question 23

What is unloading?

Answer 23

Pressure being released and causing the rock to crack

Question 24

What is thermal heat in weathering?

Answer 24

As the rock gets hotter it starts to expand on the outside and causing the material to crack

Question 25

What is the most important chemical weathering agent?

Answer 25

Water. It is responsible for the transport of ions molecules involved in chemical process

Question 26

What is the most common mineral group?

Answer 26

Feldspar (Silicate)

Question 27

What is an important byproduct of chemical weathering

Answer 27

Clay

Question 28

What are the 3 major processes of chemical weathering and what do they do?

Answer 28

1) Dissolution (Small amounts of acid in water) 2) Oxidation (Electrons lost from one element/rust) 3) Hydrolysis (Reaction of any substance in water)

Question 29

What is the most stable form of chemical weathering?

Answer 29

Spheroidal weathering, where something is turned into a sphere and gets smaller and smaller

Question 30

What are the 3 factors affecting weathering?

Answer 30

1) Surface area (Deterioration) 2) Climate (Temperature and moisture) 3) Differential weathering (rocks don't weather at same time)

Question 31

What rocks are easy to deteriorate in water/acid?

Answer 31

Anything with calcite

Question 32

What is the most effective factor of chemical weathering?

Answer 32

Climate/temperature and moisture

Question 33

What are the 4 parts to soil

Answer 33

1) Air 2) Minerals 3) Water 4) Organic matter

Question 34

What is regolith?

Answer 34

Mineral fragments produced by weathering, they help support the growth of plants

Question 35

What is humus and why is it important?

Answer 35

Decayed animal and plant remains, essential component to regolith

Question 36

What are pores?

Answer 36

They are water and air spaces in the soil

Question 37

What are the five things that can affect soil composition?

Answer 37

1) Parent material 2) Time 3) Climate 4) Plants and animals 5) Topography

Question 38

What is the difference between residual and transported soil?

Answer 38

Residual soil is soil that has the clay and quartz left over from just weathered bedrock. Transported soil is soil that transports onto sediment

Question 39

What does it mean when you are describing climate as a factor that can affect soil composition?

Answer 39

Climate basically describes the temperature and water that your soil has within it's region

Question 40

What do plants and animals do to a soil's composition?

Answer 40

They influence the soil's physical and chemical properties

Question 41

How does topography change a soil's composition?

Answer 41

If the topography around the soil is steep, like a steep slope then the soil will be poorly developed

Question 42

What is the best topography for soil?

Answer 42

Flat to undulating upland surface

Question 43

What's the most important plant to affect soil composition and what is the most important animal to affect soil composition?

Answer 43

Plant: Leaves Animal: Worms

Question 44

Why do steep slopes have poorly developed soils?

Answer 44

Because the gravity pulls material down before is can become soil

Question 45

Name the 6 soil horizons in order.

Answer 45

1) O 2) A 3) E 4) B 5) C 6) R

Question 46

What does each soil horizon represent?

Answer 46

``` O and A: Top soil E: Leaching area B: Accumulation C: Parent Material R: Bedrock ```

Question 47

What type of soil is north Ohio and why?

Answer 47

It's transported soil from glacial till.

Question 48

What are the 4 things that the natural rates of soil erosion depend on?

Answer 48

1) Soil characteristics 2) Climate 3) Slope 4) Type of vegetation

Question 49

Is there more soil erosion than there is soil formation?

Answer 49

Yes.