Exam 1 Practice Questions

Question 1

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Answer 1

Respond to environment, such as light, odor, or touch

Question 2

What is the function of motoneurons?

Answer 2

Contact muscles or glands

Question 3

What is the function of interneurons?

Answer 3

Receive input from and send input to other neurons

Question 4

What is the most common type of neuron in the central nervous system?

Answer 4

Interneurons

Question 5

What is the most numerous glial cell in the central nervous system?

Answer 5

Astrocytes

Question 6

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 6

Provide support for neurons and make up/regulate the blood brain barrier

Question 7

True or false?
The less myelinated an axon, the faster it will conduct action potentials.

Answer 7

False,
More myelin means faster conduction

Question 8

What type of glial cell is involved in immune response?

Answer 8

Microglia

Question 9

What type of glia are referred to as the “housekeepers”

Answer 9

Microglia

Question 10

What type of glia are phagocytes that clean up debris from dying neurons and glia?

Answer 10

Microglia

Question 11

What type of cell is attacked by the body’s autoimmune system due to multiple sclerosis?

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Which type of glia are the myelin-producing cells in the central nervous system?

Answer 12

Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

What is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 13

An autoimmune response that attacks myelin in the central nervous system.

Question 14

What type of flow is sensory information?

Answer 14

Afferent

Question 15

What is afferent flow?

Answer 15

Carries impulses into the region of interest

Question 16

Which imaging techniques represent static images?

Answer 16

CT
MRI
DTI

Question 17

If a patient dies, what part of their brain is the deciding factor for death?

Answer 17

Medulla

Question 18

Which imaging technique could provide a physician with a very high resolution image of the thalamus?

Answer 18

MRI Scan

Question 19

Which type of filament provides a static support structure in the brain?

Answer 19

Neurofilaments

Question 20

What kind of conduction occurs across a neuron’s axon?

Answer 20

Saltatory conduction

Question 21

What would cause an increase of intensity of a signal on a neuronal level?

Answer 21

An increase in frequency of action potentials

Question 22

All of the following are generalized onset seizures EXCEPT:
a. myoclonic seizures
b. grand-mal seizures
c. absence seizures
d. focal seizures

Answer 22

Focal Seizures

Question 23

Glycine would cause what short of graded response in a postsynaptic cell?

Answer 23

IPSP

Question 24

You notice that a patient seems to be shrugging their shoulders, but it is occurring involuntarily. This patient might be having _____ _____

Answer 24

myoclonic seizures

Question 25

What must happen within a neuron for it to reach its threshold in order to carry out an action potential

Answer 25

Na+ ions enter the cell, making the inside less negative

Question 26

In a tonic-clonic seizure, tonic refers to the _____ of the body during the seizure while clonic refers to the _____ of the body during the seizures

Answer 26

Stiffening Jerking

Question 27

The Na+ channel staying open for too long in the triplets, as implicated from the EEG shown for each, will lead to excessive _____ in neurons.

Answer 27

Depolarization and action potentials

Question 28

As drug intake increases, sensitization to that drug _____ while tolerance to that drug _____.

Answer 28

Decreases Increases

Question 29

Neurotransmitters are which type of ligand?

Answer 29

Endogenous

Question 30

Which class of seizures involve only one brain area?

Answer 30

Partial/focal seizures

Question 31

What pathway consists of raphe nuclei?

Answer 31

Serotonin

Question 32

Where is the epinephrine pathway located?

Answer 32

In the body, not brain

Question 33

What is the rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis?

Answer 33

A conversion of tyrosine to L-dopa via tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 34

How do neuromodulators differ from neurotransmitters?

Answer 34

They indirectly affect neurotransmitter release and/or strength of a receptor's response

Question 35

How do ADHD medications (which are stimulants) lessen hyperactive behaviors?

Answer 35

They stimulate the inhibitory pathways of the brain

Question 36

What method of addiction treatment i characterized by causing an unpleasant reaction when the drug is used?

Answer 36

Aversive treatment

Question 37

What is the primary course of action for amphetamines in a synapse?

Answer 37

Amphetamines work by blocking catecholamine reuptake. (Catecholamines can be reuptaken into the presynaptic neuron by MAOs) Also Amphetamines cause an excess release of catecholamines into the synaptic cleft. Both the excess release as well as reuptake blocking leads to high catecholamine concentration in the synaptic cleft.

Question 38

What makes up the blood brain barrier?

Answer 38

Astrocytes

Question 39

In the spinal cord, how is gray and white matter arranged?

Answer 39

Gray matter is more central, while white matter is more in the periphery

Question 40

In the brain, how is gray and white matter arranged?

Answer 40

Gray matter is more peripheral, white matter is more central

Question 41

When a neuron is at rest, what is the force that will push sodium out of the cell?

Answer 41

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 42

All of the following will occur with consistent drug exposure except: a. buildup of delta fosB b. withdrawal symptoms c. tolerance d. increased dopamine in the ventral tegmental area

Answer 42

Withdrawal symptoms

Question 43

A persona is injected with Curare prior to an abdominal surgery. Which of the following things would most likely occyr? a. his breathing rate would increase b. his heart would slow down c. he would fall asleeo d. he would be unable to move his arms and legs

Answer 43

d

Question 44

Diablo promotes apoptosis by binding to and _____ IAPS, leading _____ caspase activity

Answer 44

inhibiting increased

Question 45

Cells in the notochord promote differentiation of cells in the spinal cord into

Answer 45

Motor neurons

Question 46

True or false? Potassium leak channels are always open and contribute to maintaining the resting membrane potential

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Functional neuroimaging techniques

Answer 47

PET and fMRI

Question 48

EEGs are a type of _____ neuroimaging

Answer 48

functional

Question 49

Excitotoxicity is caused by an excess release of what?

Answer 49

Glutamate

Question 50

What would you treat with a D2 antagonist?

Answer 50

Schizophrenia

Question 51

How to differentiate CT and MRI scans?

Answer 51

MRI have much more detail

Question 52

Why do alcoholics have seizures during withdrawal?

Answer 52

Upregulated glutamate receptors

Question 53

If a patient has a a lesion ventral to the occipital lobe, what effects might the lesion cause?

Answer 53

Abnormal gait

Question 54

A sushi enthusiast goes to a Japanese restaurant and has fugu, moments later he collapses. What mechanism of action has occurred on the cellular level?

Answer 54

Tetrodotoxin blocks nerve action by binding to voltage gated Na channels

Question 55

What is required for neurotransmitter release from vesivcles

Answer 55

Calcium

Question 56

Barbiturates block ____ channels and activate _____ channels

Answer 56

Sodium Chloride

Question 57

Caffeine stimulates the release of what?

Answer 57

Catecholamines