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Psych 1100 > Exam 1 Psych > Flashcards

Exam 1 Psych Flashcards

1
Q

What year did Wilhelm Wundt find the first lab dedicated to psychology and when structuralism came about?

A

1879

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2
Q

What year did behaviorism become about?

A

1913

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3
Q

What year did cognitivism come about?

A

1967

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4
Q

What are the four definitions of psychology?

A

the science of mind and behavior, the science of experimental epistemology, the science of knowing and experiencing, the science of things that move on their own

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5
Q

dualism

A

the universe is made of two interacting substances; physical and nonphysical matter

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6
Q

materialism

A

the universe is only made of physical matter

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7
Q

scientific materialism

A

all that exists is matter in motion

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8
Q

The neural assumption is made by…

A

scientific materialists

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9
Q

Who does psychology apply to?

A

humans, animals, plants

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10
Q

James Gibson

A

wanted to look at locomotion; ecological approach to psychology

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11
Q

Reflex

A

an automatic, stereotyped movement produced as the direct result of a stimulus

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12
Q

What parts make up a neuron?

A

dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, terminal endings

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13
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

A

-70 mV

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14
Q

What happens when neurons are stimulated?

A

Na+ ions are let inside the cell, makes the inside more positive (-70, -69, -68 mV)

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15
Q

When enough Na+ ions get in for the potential to be reduced to -55 mV, what happens?

A

The ion gates to the cell membrane are flung open, allowing Na+ to rush in

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16
Q

What is the action potential?

A

40 mV

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17
Q

How does the cell go back to resting potential?

A

by pushing out K+ ions (Na+ goes out slower), then another pump takes Na+ back out and puts K+ back in

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18
Q

What is the threshold?

A

-55 mV

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19
Q

Synapse

A

the gap between two neurons (the presynaptic and post-synaptic)

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20
Q

_________ of presynaptic neurons relay impulses to dendrites of postsynaptic neurons

A

terminal endings

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21
Q

When do vesicles burst and what do they release?

A

vesicles burst at action potential; they release neurotransmitters

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22
Q

__________ on membrane of dendrite are like little locks to be opened and neurotransmitters are like the keys (what opens ion gates to allow Na+ inside in the first place)

A

receptor molecules

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23
Q

neurotransmitters may open a gate to let Na+ inside

A

excitatory

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24
Q

neurotransmitters may open a gate that pushes positive K+ ions out

A

inhibitory

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25
Q

temporal summation

A

repeated subthreshold stimuli applied over time; over time it will illicit a response

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26
Q

spatial summation

A

if you stimulate multiple places at the same time it will illicit a response

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27
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

two opposing tendencies, and one will inhibit the other

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28
Q

central nervous system consists of…

A

brain and spinal cord

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29
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into…

A

the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

30
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

muscles and senses

31
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

vital functions: heart rate, breathing, digestion, reproduction

32
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

33
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

arousal: mobilizes for emergency

34
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calm: conserves energy

35
Q

What are the parts of the hind brain?

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum

36
Q

what is the medulla responsible for?

A

breathing, heartbeat, blood circulation

37
Q

what are the pons responsible for?

A

arousal and attention

38
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

integration of muscles to perform fine movements, but no coordination/direction of these movements; balance

39
Q

If a cat was transected just above the hindbrain how would it behave?

A

low-decerebrate cat; can move but not act

40
Q

What is the other name for the pons?

A

bridge

41
Q

Midbrain

A

forms movements into acts; controls whole body responses to visual and auditory stimuli

42
Q

How would a cat act if just transected just above midbrain?

A

can act, but without regard to environment, without purpose

43
Q

superior colliculus

A

part of the midbrain; “upper hills”

44
Q

substantia nigra

A

part of midbrain; “black substance”

45
Q

forebrain

A

cerebral hemispheres connected by corpus callosum

46
Q

what are the parts of the forebrain?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, cerebral cortex

47
Q

thalamus

A

sensory and motor relay center

48
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls responses to basic needs (food, temp, sex)

49
Q

basal ganglia

A

regulates muscle contractions for smooth movements

50
Q

what are the parts of the limbic system

A

hippocampus and amygdala

51
Q

limbic system

A

memory (hippocampus) and emotion (amygdala)

52
Q

cerebral cortex

A

four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal; seat of higher intellectual functions

53
Q

How would a cat behave transected above its limbic system?

A

acts normal, with purpose, but clumsy

54
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects hemispheres

55
Q

cerebral cortex

A

higher motor, sensory, and intellectual functions

56
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

speech is diminished and there is a loss of normal grammatical structure

57
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

speech comprehension is diminished

58
Q

frontal lobe

A

planning; social behavior; motor control

59
Q

parietal lobe

A

somatosensory (sense of touch) (on top and toward back of brain)

60
Q

occipital

A

vision

61
Q

temporal

A

hearing, memory (side of brain)

62
Q

left hemisphere is responsible for

A

language

63
Q

right hemisphere is responsible for

A

spatial abilities

64
Q

front

A

expression/ actions/ plans

65
Q

back

A

reception/ perceptions/ interpretations

66
Q

pre-frontal lesions

A

loss of planning, moral reasoning, sensitivity to social context (or loss of initiation of action, deliberation)

67
Q

apraxia

A

“no doing”; failure in sequencing components of actions; inability to organize movements (not paralysis); frontal lesions just forward of motor cortex

68
Q

agnosia

A

“no knowing”; deficit in interpreting, categorizing, labeling, knowing; occipital or temporal lesions

69
Q

neglect

A

right hemisphere (parietal) damage causes inattention to the whole left side

70
Q

aphasia

A

left hemisphere (frontal or temporal) damage causes deficits in language function (damage to Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area)

71
Q

expressive aphasia

A

cannot produce speech; lesion to Broca’s area

72
Q

receptive aphasia

A

cannot understand speech, and consequently cannot produce speech; lesion to Wernicke’s area

Psych 1100 (3 decks)

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