Exam 1 pt 2

Question 1

Term used when you have 2 copies of each chromosome

Answer 1

Diploid

Question 2

Creation of 4 daughter cells from a single parent

Answer 2

meiosis

Question 3

Formation of 2 cells from one

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

Bonds formed along the pentose sugar backbone of a polynucleotide

Answer 4

phosphodiester

Question 5

Term used when you only have a single copy of a chromosome

Answer 5

Haploid

Question 6

Complete set of instructions for any organism

Answer 6

Genome

Question 7

Stains lightly and has “active” genes

Answer 7

Euchromatin

Question 8

DNA with a protein scaffold

Answer 8

Chromatin

Question 9

The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin

Answer 9

Nucleosome

Question 10

Describes the three dimensional structure of a protein

Answer 10

Tertiary

Question 11

Stains more darkly and has “inactive” gene

Answer 11

Heterochromatin

Question 12

Chemical bonds connecting AA

Answer 12

Peptide

Question 13

A higher order structure involving more than one protein

Answer 13

Quanternary

Question 14

What makes a good genetic model

Answer 14

Short generation time, produce a high but manageable number of progeny, ability to live in a lab environment, ability to be inexpensive

Question 15

___ have a single ring structure and are “cut” from ____ which have a double ring structure

Answer 15

Pyrimidines (single) and purines (double)

Question 16

Characteristic of mtDNA

Answer 16

Circular genome and is maternally inherited

Question 17

Characteristics of cpDNA

Answer 17

Is much larger and more complex then mtDNA

Question 18

T/F: The nitrogenous base in nulceic acids is attacted to the 1’ C of the pentose sugar

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: The regulatory promoter of a gene is located immediately upstream of the transcription start site which is immediately upstream of the core promotor

Answer 19

False: should be core promoter and promotor

Question 20

T/F: Exons must be spliced out of the pre mRNA molecule so that only the introns are left in the mature mRNA

Answer 20

False: should be introns then extrons

Question 21

T/F: Enhancers are typically upstream of a gene, sometimes many kilobases away from the coding region, and function to control gene expression

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F: Okazaki fragments are fragments of DNA that occur on the leading strand during DNA replication

Answer 22

False:
The lagging strand replication is considered irregular and this produces discontinuous strands

Question 23

T/F: Replication of DNA is initiated by RNA primers that are later removed

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T/F: With collinearity, the number of nucleotides in the coding portion of the gene is equal to the number of amino acids in the proteins

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Of the 5 phases of the cell cycle DNA isreplicated during which phase of the cell cycle

Answer 25

S phase

Question 26

The ____ is a post transcriptional modification added to eukaryotic pre mRNA by adding 50-250+ adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of a pre mRNA. What is one function of this modification?

Answer 26

Poly-A-Tail and to alter the half life of transcript

Question 27

Polynucleotides are polymers of nucleotides subunits similarly all proteins are polymers composed of what subunits?

Answer 27

Nucleic acids

Question 28

Recombination occurs when

Answer 28

During prophase 1

Question 29

Possible chromosomes in a cell in Anaphase 1 of meiosis if in the G1 stage there is 4 chromosomes

Answer 29

8

Question 30

Possible chromosomes in a cell in prophase of mitosis if in the G1 stage there is 4 chromosomes

Answer 30

4

Question 31

What is needed for inheritance

Answer 31

information storage, information replicated, information translated, and ability to vary

Question 32

Correct model of DNA replication

Answer 32

semi conservative

Question 33

3 building blocks of nucleic acid

Answer 33

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

Question 34

How many H bonds can form with A? What nucleotides can bond with A?

Answer 34

2 and T and U

Question 35

How many H bonds can form with G? What nucleotides can bond with G?

Answer 35

3 and C

Question 36

Why do postivly charged histones bond with DNA

Answer 36

Because DNA is slightly negativly charged

Question 37

If a double stranded DNA molecule is 20% cytosine, what are the percentages of all the other bases in the molecule?

Answer 37

20% guanine, 30% adenine, and 30% Thymine

Question 38

Discontinous replication on the lagging strand is a result of which property of DNA

Answer 38

Antiparallel nucleotide strands

Question 39

What is no a describtion of a promotor

Answer 39

Signals where transcription ends

Question 40

DNA and RNA have polarity based on the 5' and 3' ends of which building block of the nucleic acid

Answer 40

pentose sugar

Question 41

Proteins have directionality based on the individusl building blocks of the molecule. We describe the directionality of a protein based on the ___ and ___ ends of the molecule

Answer 41

COO- and NH3+

Question 42

Genetic code is said to be ____

Answer 42

degenerate

Question 43

Why do the stop codons stop translation?

Answer 43

There is no amino acid to translate

Question 44

At what stage of mitosis do we take a karyotype?

Answer 44

Metaphase

Question 45

In eukaryotic organisms, why does DNA replication start at many locations along the DNA molecule?

Answer 45

Because DNA is very long and would take a long times if it only started at 1 location

Question 46

There were two very important process that occured in meiosis that contribute to the creation of genetic variation. What are those called?

Answer 46

Recombination and independent assortment

Question 47

The primary sequences of both DNA and RNA are cabable of forming higher level secondary structures. What is the most common secondary structure?

Answer 47

beta sheet

Question 48

Which polymer, DNA or RNA is typically capable of forming more types of secondary structures

Answer 48

RNA

Question 49

What is the main reason the answer above can form more secondary structures?

Answer 49

because it is single stranded