Exam 1 Review

Question 1

A solution with a pH of 1.1 would be a
a) strong acid
b) strong base
c) Weak acid
d) Weak base
e) Neutral

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Isotopes- Feynman

Answer 2

same atom of elements with difference in neutrons

Question 3

Electrolytes

Answer 3

ions in the body

Question 4

Define Ionic Bonds and give an example

Answer 4

Ionic bonds form when electrons are gained or removed to form ions-

Question 5

Sodium Atom (Na) loses electrolyte (Cation) and Chloride (CL) atom gains electrolyte (anion)- what bond is form to make Salt Na+Cl-

Answer 5

Ionic Bond

Question 6

Give an example of a Polar covalent bond

Answer 6

H20, carbon dioxide,

Question 7

covalent bond- feynman

Answer 7

sharing of electrons (polar/non polar)

Question 8

Subatomic particles- feynman

Answer 8

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 9

Planes of the body-

Answer 9

Transversal, sagittal, frontal

Question 10

What elements make up the human body majority with percentage?

Answer 10

CHON

Question 11

List major elements in body using symbols?

Answer 11

O, C, H, N, Ca, P, K, S, NA, Cl, Mg

Question 12

Nonpolar vs Polar bond

Answer 12

Nonpolar shares electrons equally with all regions of molecule being neutral while polar shares electrons unequally with some regions of molecules having opposite charges `

Question 13

Metabolism, Catabolism, Anabolism- Feynman

Answer 13

Metabolism- all chemical reactions that take place in organism, Catabolism- breaking down of compounds- anabolism - building up of compounds

Question 14

What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

Answer 14

speed up process and lower energy of activation needed (starting point)

Question 15

Covalent Bond- Feynman

Answer 15

covalent bond is the sharing of electrons (single or double, polar/nonpolar)

Question 16

Radioisotope- Feynman

Answer 16

when too many neutrons in nucleus cause atom to become unstable and radioactive

Question 17

Describe 3 uses of radioisotopes

Answer 17

PET scans- medical imaging machine that allows to see the body internally. pet scans use radioisotopes as tracers inserted in the body, because isotopes and radioisotopes will have the similar reaction chemically because of the same amount of electrons and protons, because of the more physiological effects of organs targeted can be seen. Radioisotopes are also an effective in the use of pet scans because of the short half lives.

Radio Therapy

xray

Question 18

How do radioisotopes variation in the types of energy they release and their half life.

Answer 18

Radioisotopes are varied based on the energy levels emitted, Alpha, Beta, Gamma. Also because of the particles of each, half life and decay time may vary. For example alpha rays are heavy and large, making them easily stopped leading to longer decay times.

Question 19

Describe how temp alter a chemical reaction

Answer 19

increase of temp causing increase of movement of particles which increases chance of contact and reaction

Question 19

Example of Anabolism and Catabolism

Answer 19

Glucose to Glycogen (Anabolic), ATP to Energy (catabolic) or (Hydrolosis)

Question 20

Describe how concentration or pressure alter reactions

Answer 20

increases rate of reaction

Question 21

how does concentration of substrate alter reactions

Answer 21

when substrate is high enzymes are high at work and chemical reactions speed up when substrate is low enzymes are just waiting

Question 22

Organic Compounds

Answer 22

Atoms of carbon covalently linked to usually` hydrogen nitrogen

Question 23

What are organic compounds found in living things?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids

Question 24

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 24

No carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 25

What are the inorganic compounds essential to human life?

Answer 25

Water, Salt, Acid and Bases

Question 26

Water Properties- Feynman

Answer 26

Surface tension is the external barrier formed, Cohesion is when water molecules stick together, great Polar solvent, most of body made up of water, specific heat, high heat evaporation,

Question 27

Explain water density and why its diff

Question 28

Water Functions in body

Answer 28

1. Lubricant- water in joints allow fluid movement, saliva, 2. Heat sink- water has high specific heat meaning it can absorb a lot of heat which is good for temp reguation, 3. Concentration synthesis- many substances can dissolve in water, 4. chemical reaction (dehydration synthesis) - water is removed to join two molecules together, (hydrolysis) water is added to break two molecules down

Question 29

Acids- feynman

Answer 29

substance dissolved and release hydrogen ion [H+],shifts balance

Question 30

Bases- feynman

Answer 30

substance dissolve to release/increase hydroxide ions OH-

Question 31

What happens to NaCl in body fluids

Answer 31

breaks down an form seperate positive and negative ions

Question 32

What is the normal pH of the blood?

Answer 32

7.35-7.45

Question 33

What alkalosis and acidosis.

Answer 33

Acidosis is when blood drops to 7.0-7.3, Alkalosis is when blood raises to 7.5.

Question 34

Explain the causes and symptoms a of electrolytes imbalance

Answer 34

Losing fluids vomitting, cramping ,muscle and nervous system disturbances

Question 35

Dehydration Synthesis/Hydrolysis

Answer 35

DS- water is removed to join two molecules together, Hydrolysis- water is added to break down to molecules

Question 36

Macromolecule

Answer 36

Created by two subunits + water to get macromolecule + water

Question 37

Glucose

Question 38

Sucrose- Feynman

Answer 38

Sucrose is a disaccharide Sucrose is Glucose + Fructose and is a quick source of energy when broken down into glucose or fructose

Question 38

Lactose- Feynman

Answer 38

Disaccharide that is Glucose + Galactose important for providing energy

Question 38

Maltose- Feynman

Answer 38

Disaccharide that is Glucose + Glucose slow energy source

Question 39

Starch Fenyman

Answer 39

Polysaccharide- storage carb in plants when consumed breaks down into glucose for energy

Question 40

Cellulose- Feynman

Answer 40

structure in plants when consumed it aids in digestion in fiber

Question 41

Are oils saturated or unsaturated fats? Same with fats?

Answer 41

Oil= unsaturated fats= saturated

Question 42

Lipids- Feynman

Answer 42

long term energy subunits of Fatty Acids and Alcohol