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Chem 103 > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Alcohol

A

-OH

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2
Q

Amine

A

NH2

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3
Q

Aldehyde

A

CH=O

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4
Q

Ketone

A

C=O

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5
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

COH=O

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6
Q

Ester

A

COR=O

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7
Q

Constitutional Isomer

A

Same molecular formula different structural formula, molecular formula increases # of isomers

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8
Q

Alkyl Group

A

Derived from Alkane, drop ane add yl

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9
Q

Saturated vs Not Saturated

A

Alkanes Saturated
Alkenes not saturated

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10
Q

Iso shows that one end of an unbranded chain ends in

A

(CH3)2CH

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11
Q

cyclic hydrocarbons

A

hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined for form a ring

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12
Q

cycloalkane:

A

cyclic hydrocarbons when all carbons are saturated

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13
Q

Most stable number of carbons in a cyclic hydrocarbon

A

5-6

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14
Q

Molecular Formula of Cyclic Hydrocarbon

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

Bond angle of cyclic hydrocarbon

A

109.5

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16
Q

Most important physical property of alkanes and cycloalkanes is

A

nearly complete lack of polarity

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17
Q

C-H bond is a

A

non polar covalent

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18
Q

Alkanes are

A

non polar compounds with weak molecular forces, low boiling points, not soluble in polar water

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19
Q

Physical states of Alkanes (number of carbons)

A

1-4 carbons gas
5-17 carbons liquid
17+ solid

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20
Q

Melting point and boiling point increase with

A

the higher number of carbons in a chain

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21
Q

Consitutional isomers have different or similar chemical and physical properties

A

Different

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22
Q

Alkanes not very reactive but go through
br2 fl2…

A

combustion and halogenation

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23
Q

Heat or light needed to push the reaction forward is called

A

Halogenation (not spontaneous)

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24
Q

Halogenated Alkanes:

(naming) halogens

A

Bromine – Bromo

Chlorine – Chloro

Flourine – fluoro

Iodine – Iodo

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25
Halogenated Hydrocarbons are what regarding heat
not flammable
26
Chloroflurocarbons
Manufactured under the name freon, non flammable, odorless, non corrossive,
27
What was wrong with cfcs
intense damage to ozone layer, replaced with HCFCS
28
Why were HCFCS the replacement
destroyed before reaching the atmosphere
29
Alkene
Simplest alkene is ethylene, ethene, c=C london dispersion forces, similar chemical properties as Alkanes, float on water
30
Alkyne
Acetylene is the simplest alkyne, ethyne c triple bond, similar physical properties of alkanes
31
Common names of Alkynes
Ethene- Ethelyne propene- propylene 2 methylpropene- isobutylene
32
Cis-Trans Isomerism
Alkene with two different groups on each carbon of the double bond shows cis-trans isomerism Cis- carbon groups on the same side Trans- carbon groups on opposite sides (usually nbutene)
33
Cannot have cis and trans with what alkene
1-butene
34
Virtually all alkenes add H2 in the presence of a
transition metal catalyst commonly Pd,Pt, or Ni
35
Addition of H2 is called
Reduction
36
Addition of hydrogen | "cognate"
catalytic hydrogenation
37
Additon of Cl2 and Br2 in a lab would..
Take place at room temperature carried out using a pure reagent
38
Bromine test is used to find
Double bonds, solution stays clear with the addion of brown coloring
39
Halogenation of an alkane is what kind of reaction | not what H2 is
subsitution reaction
40
In a bromine reaction the number of bromines
increase each time it is repeated
41
addition of hx(HBr HCL H2) gives a | hydrocarbon
haloalkene, h adds to one carbon with a larger number of hydrogens, "x" adds to the other
42
Addition of water or hydration is commonly catalyzed by
H2SO4
43
Hydrogenation of Alkynes produces what hydrocarbon
Alkanes
44
Benzene only reactions by | electric
electrophilic substitution
45
monosubstituted alkylbenzens (names of alkyl groups on benzens)
Ethylbenzene (ethy group) Toulene (Methyl group) Styrene (phenylethene)
46
When two stubsituents occur on a benzene what number of isomers possible
3
47
Phenyl group
Attached benzene ring
48
Groups that can be directly introduced to the ring are | br2
Halogens and Nitro groups
49
Nitration makes ? using ? | ring
Sulfuric Acid Catalyst needed, makes nitro benzene
50
Nitration of toulene produces explosive
TNT
51
Petroleum
Natural gas 90-95% methane 5-10% ethane, mixure of low boiling alkanes, must be refined
52
Separating out crude oils based on boiling point
Fractal distilation
53
Octane number of gasoline is the % of
Isooctane in a mixure with nheptane, must have identical preformanc e to gasoline sample
54
Branching or straight chain of nheptane has a better preformance
Branching
55
Octane numbers
measure resistence of accidental ignition Over 100 - aromatics alcohols - -
56
Increased octane number means | chemical make up
higher percent of ethanol added to gasoline
57
Alcohols
OH bonded to tetrahedral carbon, simplest: methanol
58
Primary alcohol
One carbon group bonded
59
Secondary Alcohol
two carbon groups bonded
60
tertiary alcohol
three carbon groups bonded
61
Diol:
two -OH groups
62
Triol:
three OH groups
63
When naming a compound with multiple OH groups, do you name similar to "1-2-Ethanediol (Ethelyne glycol) or "1,2Ethandiol"
1,2-Ethanediol, "e" of parent alkane does not get dropped
64
Alcohol are polar or non polar
Polar molecules, C-O and O-H are bolar covalent bonds
65
In the liquid state Alcohols associate by
Hydrogen bonding, extra energy is required to break bonds
66
Alcohols have a boiling point that is
Higher than an hydrocarbon of similar weight
67
As the molecular weight increases
Solubility in water decreases, change in solubility happens around 4-5 carbons
68
Oxidation of a primary alcohol gives a
aldehyde or carboxylic acid primary alcohol -> carboxylic acid or aldehyde (finishes at carboxylic acid) 2ndary alcohol -> ketone tertiary: resistant
69
Is it possible to stop oxidation at the aldehyde stage
Yes
70
A phenol is a
OH bonded to a benzene ring, most are weak acids

Chem 103 (3 decks)

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