Week 9/10 Flashcards
(100 cards)
Carbohydrates derive from
OH + carbonyl group hydrocarbons
Hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones
Monosaccharide
carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolozide
cannot be turned into a simpler carbon
Prefixes and ending of carbohydrates
tri (simplest) penta, hexa
carbohydrates containing a ketone or aldehyde are called
aldose or ketose
isomer
same molecular formula
Stereo isomers
same or different connectivity
same connectivity
Constitutional Isomers
similar to stereo isomers “bluetooth”
different connectivity
Chiral carbon
all four bonds of the carbon atom is bonded to another atom
Achiral isomers with and without stereocenters are
Without stereo centers - cis-/trans
with - chiral/enanitiomers
enantiomers
non superimposible mirror images
cannot be aligned (like left and right hand)
Non superimposable compounds have a
chiral carbon (stereocenters)
optically active
light question
each enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light
Chemical and physical properties of enantiomers are identical except
in their interactions with chiral substances + plane polarized like
polarimeter
measures ability of a compound to rotate the plane of polarized light
Dextrotatory
Clockwise (heaviest compound on the right
Levorotatory
Counter clock wise (heaviest compound on the left)
n is the maximum number of
asymetric carbon atoms “2^n)
Distereomers
superimpose
stereoisomers that are mirror images
FIscher Projection
Line depiction of the position of a compounds bonding and ions
Horizontal line projection forward from the stereocenters, vertical to the rear
How many enantiomers are there with 4 stereocenters
2^4
Aldehydes and Ketones react with alcohols to form
think half acetone
Hemiacetals
most common d-aldos are
d-aldtetrose, pentose, erythrose, threose, ribose, 2-deoxy-ribose
most common d- aldohexose are
(g starters)
d-glucose
d-galactose
d-glucsamine
when hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups are on the same molecule, cyclic _ form readily
cyclic hemiacetals form readily