Exam 2 Review

Question 1

What catalysts are needed for oxidation of alcohol

Answer 1

potassium dichromate or sulfuric acid

Question 2

Distilling mixture at what stage can stop oxidation

Answer 2

Aldehyde

Question 3

Phenols are weak or strong bases/acids

Answer 3

weak acids that react with strong bases

Question 4

When reacting with strong bases they form

Answer 4

water soluble salts

Question 5

which ether is the simplest and which is the most common
Dimethyl Ether
Diethyl ether

Answer 5

Methyl simple
Ethy common

Question 6

an ether is an oxygen atom

Answer 6

bonded to two carbon atoms

Question 7

what is the difference between an ether and a ketone

Answer 7

Ketones are double bonded c=O and oxygen is only bonded to the one carbon

Ethers must be single bonded to two carbon atoms

Question 8

Ethers are named based on carbon number one or alphabetical

Answer 8

alphabetical

Question 9

a Methyl group bonded to the O atom is a

Answer 9

methoxy group

Question 10

Ethers are

chemical properties

Answer 10

polar, weak intermolecular forces, lower b.p than alcohols

Question 11

Why are ethers good solvents

Answer 11

they do not react with oxydizing agents nor do the react with H2 in the presence of a transition metal catalyst

Question 12

Peroxides are derived from

Answer 12

and ether oxidizing over time

Question 13

Formaldehyde

Answer 13

Methanol the simplest aldehyde

Question 14

Position of carbonyl group in an aldehyde

Answer 14

must be on the end of the chain

Question 15

Position of carbonyl in a ketone

Answer 15

can be anywhere must be named on the lowest number

Question 16

Common names of aldehydes are derived from

Answer 16

Carboxylic acids

Question 17

Both Ketones and Aldehydes,

Answer 17

decrease in solubility with increasing hydrocarbon chaining

Question 18

ketones resist

Answer 18

oxidation

Question 19

Both aldehydes and ketones oxidize by

Answer 19

H2 in the presence of a transition metal catalyst

Question 20

Reduction of an aldehyde

Answer 20

Primary alcohol

Question 21

Reduction of a ketone

Answer 21

secondary Alcohol

Question 22

Hemiacetal

Acid similar to ester

Answer 22

Carbon bonded to one OH group and one Or group

reacts with alcohol to from acetal + h2o

Question 23

All steps in the reaction

Answer 23

reversible

Question 24

Ethanol in this reaction drives the reaction to the

Answer 24

right
water to left

Question 25

Carboxylic acid

Answer 25

C=O with hydroxy group, weak acid

Question 26

Location of carboxylic acid

Answer 26

must be carbon 1

Question 27

Common names Methanoic Acid Ethanoic acid propanoic acid butanoic acid octadecanoic acid

Answer 27

formic acid acetic acid propionic acid butyric acid stearic acid

Question 28

Carboxylic acids are soluble in water until

Answer 28

they read 4-5 carbons

Question 29

Ionization of acetic* acid gives

Answer 29

Acetate and hydronium

Question 30

All carboxylics react with strong bases to form | "1"

Answer 30

IA salts | not one of the two salt answers

Question 31

FIscher Esterfication

Answer 31

Practice to prepare esters carboxylic acid heating with alcohol with acid catalyst (reversible) to yield water, carbonyl group +alcohol

Question 32

Ester

Answer 32

Carbonyl group bonded to OR group, ending in "ate"

Question 33

the speed in which Esters hydrolisize

Answer 33

slowly. quickens when in aqueous acid or base

Question 34

acid is reverse of

Answer 34

Esterfication, excess H20 drives right to form carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 35

Using a base is called

Answer 35

soapificaion, acts as a reactant

Question 36

Amines

Answer 36

bonded with nh2, ending with amine aniline simplest aromatic amine

Question 37

when naming Aliphatic amines:

Answer 37

list groups bonded to N in alphabetical order

Question 38

Amine salts

Answer 38

4 atoms/groups f atoms are bonded to nitrogen low molecular weight punesnt smell, plar compounds name using "amonium" polar compounds weak bases

Question 39

primaryy and secondary N-H bonds can form H bonds

Answer 39

but teritiarry cannot all three form H bonds with water

Question 40

ionization of amines, amines get

Answer 40

proton from water to amine

Question 41

Neutralization of Amines | 1/2 salt

Answer 41

react with strong acids to form water soluble salts

Question 42

Amide | not acidic

Answer 42

carbonyl group bonded with nirogen ## Footnote Carboxylic acid with ammonia and heat

Question 43

Hydrolysis of amide

Answer 43

hot aqueous acid gives carboxylic acid and ammonium ion not reversible

Question 44

Hydrolysis of Amide base | "salt"

Answer 44

carboxylic salt and amide or ammonia

Question 45

thiols

Answer 45

containing SH group, common name ending in mercaptain

Question 46

thiols oxidizes to

Answer 46

disulfides by oxygen

Question 47

Disulfides reduce to thiols by

Answer 47

H2

Question 48

Addition Polymers

Answer 48

long chain of monomers

Question 49

Common names of polymers

Answer 49

polyethylene polypropylene poly vynil chloride poly 1,1-dicholorethelyne styrene poleterafluroethylene

Question 50

Straight chains have

Answer 50

higher b.p and more surface area than highly packed chains

Question 51

Gas liquid solid

Answer 51

1-100 - gas 100-1000- liquid 1000-9000 = solid 10000 to be useful polymer

Question 52

Molecular weight of Polymers

Answer 52

molar mass of repeating unit * number of times repeated "n"