EXAM 1 REVIEW (Unit 3) Flashcards
Because of cell size limitation, What can happen when the inside of the cell becomes too large?
the plasma membrane may rupture
Microvilli, cilia, and flagellum are all ________
specialized cells
_______ are specialized cells that are extensions of the plasma membrane
microvilli
What is the difference between cilia and flagellum?
Cilia are short and there are lots of them, they surround the entire plasma membrane usually
Flagellum are long and few
The only functional flagellum in humans is the ______
sperm cell
nature likes _______
equality
A ________ is composed of a solvent and solute
solution
The _______ is the substance that is being dissolved
solute
the _______ is the dissolving medium
solvent
In a concentration gradient, a solution/solute will move from ____________________________
An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
HIGH to LOW is called going ______ the concentration gradient and requires no energy
with (or down)
To go ________ the concentration gradient requires lots of energy (because its against nature)
against (or up)
The electrical charge outside of the nerve cell at resting is _______
Positive
As permeability changes the polarity of the plasma membrane shifts from ______ on the inside to ________ on the outside
Outside- negative
inside- positive
Our nerves work using action potentials that are created by the_______
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
Na is ________ the cell and K is ________ the cell (remember: NaCK)
Na is outside
CK is inside
Why is the cell + on the outside and – on the inside when we use Na+ and K+?
because there is more positive ions being pumped out than in
the ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure________
tonicity
a __________ solution causes cells to swell
Hypotonic (example: distilled water)
A ________ solution causes cells to shrink
Hypertonic (example:sea water)
In a ______ solution the cell is not effected
Isotonic (example: Saline solution)
What solution is the best to give intravenously?
Isotonic solutions (such as 0.9% saline)
PASSIVE movement across the membrane moves _________ energy and _______ the concentration gradient
Without energy, and with the concentration gradient
ACTIVE movement across the membrane is (with or without) energy and moves (with or against) the concentration gradient?
With energy, against the concentration gradient
