Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
When was the Neolithic period?
A
8,000 BCE
2
Q
What was the Neolithic period?
A
The ag revolution
3
Q
When was the Early Dynastic(Sumerian) Period?
A
3,000-2,300 BCE
4
Q
What happened during the Early Dynastic Period?
A
Language developed
Cities developed
Highly stratified society
Made monumental architecture
5
Q
When was the Akkadian period?
A
2300-2100 BCE
6
Q
What was the Akkadian Period like?
A
Military emphasis
7
Q
When was the 3rd Dynasty of Ur(Neo-Sumerians)?
A
2100-2000 BCE
8
Q
What was the 3rd Dynasty of Ur like?
A
First law codes
Sumerian Renaissance
Economic boom
Religious Piety
9
Q
When was the Babylonia era?
A
2000-1595 BCE
10
Q
What was the Babylonian era like?
A
Strong rulers
Large empire
11
Q
When was the Assyrian period?
A
1350-626 BCE
12
Q
What was the Assyrian era like?
A
Military emphasis
Return of Akkadian ideals
Strong empire
13
Q
When was the Neo-Babylonian period?
A
626-539 BCE
14
Q
What was the Neo-Babylonian era like?
A
Reconstruction of Babylon
Displaced other societies
15
Q
When was the Persian empire?
A
550-331 BCE
16
Q
What was the Persian empire like?
A
Expansion of empire
Conflict in Aegean
Satrapies(states)
International effort for the palace
17
Q
When was Early Dynastic Egypt?
A
3000-2650 BCE
18
Q
What was Early Dynastic Egypt like?
A
Separated king
Invention of hieroglyphics
Complex royal tombs
Pit graves & mastabas
19
Q
When was the Old Kingdom?
A
2650-2100 BCE
20
Q
What was the Old Kingdom like?
A
Kings with absolute divinity
Pyramid era
Central Government
Golden age
21
Q
When was the 1st IP?
A
2100-2000 BCE
22
Q
What was the 1st IP like?
A
break down of central government
competing kings
23
Q
When was the Middle Kingdom?
A
2000-1650 BCE
24
Q
What was the Middle Kingdom like?
A
Reunification of Egypt
Reuse of Old Kingdom monuments
Growth of army
25
When was the 2nd IP?
1650-1500 BCE
26
What was the 2nd IP like?
70 kings in 100 years
Hyksos rule
Introduction of the horse, wheel, etc...
27
When was the New Kingdom?
1500-1100 BCE
28
What was the New Kingdom like?
```
Wealth
International interaction
Pharaohs
Standing army
Amarna revolution
Ramesside Period
```
29
When was the 3rd IP?
1100-700 BCE
30
What was the 3rd IP like?
Egypt is divided
| Kings rule south, priests rule north
31
When was the Amarna Period?
1390-1350 BCE
32
What was the Amarna Period like?
Capital moved to Amarna
Cult of Aten
Akhenaten rules
33
When was the royal cemetery at Ur discovered?
1920 CE
34
When was Babylon established as the capital?
1894 BCE
35
When was Babylon sacked by the Hittites?
1595 BCE
36
When did Alexander the Great take over?
331 BCE
37
When was the battle of Qadesh?
1274 BCE
38
Basic plot of the Enuma Elish
Ea defeats Apsu, Marduk defeats Ea, Kingu fails to defeat Marduk, Marduk creates humans out of Kingu
39
Basic plot of the Atrahasis
Gods are doing labor and fighting about it, gods create humans, humans are too noisy, gods flood humans, but Atrahasis builds a boat and is saved. Humans rebel, refuse to sacrifice. This is the relationship between gods and people
40
Basic plot of the Epic of Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh is a terrible king, the gods make Enkidu to befriend him, they become friends, piss off Ishtar, she kills Enkidu, Gilgamesh searches for immortality, then accepts his mortality
41
Basic plot of the Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld
Ishtar goes to the underworld in place of her husband, Dumuzi, returns to find him on her throne, sends him to the underworld
42
Fertile crescent
Between Tigris and Euphrates
43
Marshlands
Where the rivers flood
44
How long is the Nile?
4,000 miles
45
Cataract
rapid
46
Kemet
"black land"; fertile soil
47
Desheret
"red land"; desert
48
Urban Revolution
Development of city-states
49
Redistributive Economy
All goods are are brought to the temple and rationed between people at different levels of society
50
city-state
Independent cities that rule themselves
51
hierarchal society
```
leveled society:
king/priest
priest(ess)
bureaucracy
craftsmen
laborers
farmers
```
52
irrigation farming
Bring water to crops
53
seed plow
planting tool for farming; pulled by animals
54
cuneiform
wedge-shaped writing
55
hieroglyphics
sacred writing
56
Hieratic
cursive writing
57
Law codes
tell people how to live; Ur-Nammu & Hammurabi
58
When was the Systems collapse?
1200 BCE
59
Systems collapse
Disruptions all over Mediterranean: New kingdom ends, massive emigration of refugees from waves, Israelites move to Canaan, Troy falls, etc...
60
Polytheism
belief in many gods
61
Monolatry/ Henathiesm
belief one god, don't deny the existence of others
62
Sacred Marriage
Dumuzi as the king and Inanna as the priestess have sex
63
Ziggurat
stepped pyramids/ temples
64
votive
offering
65
cult statue
Statue of deity
66
stele
upright slab
67
Divination
means of telling the future
68
Heka
force that connects humans with the divine (Egypt)
69
Ma'at
goddess of justice/ order (Egypt)
70
Nome
state (Egypt)
71
Nomarch
governor
72
Upper Egypt
Southern Egypt (culture that prevails)
73
Lower Egypt
Northern Egypt, delta area
74
Land of Punt
land near Egypt where Hatshepsut travelled, relief of her are found there
75
Hyksos
"rulers of foreign lands"; bring inventions to Egypt
76
Pyramid
Tombs for kings
77
Ka
life force
78
serdab
room for Ka statue
79
Mastaba
trapezoid structure above tomb
80
Hathor
goddess of sky, love, and fertility
81
Isis
goddess of heaven
82
Horus
Son of Isis and Osiris, linked to king, depicted as hawk
83
Seth
god of desert, storm, and violence
84
Osiris
god of underworld and mummification
85
Ma'at
god of justice/ order
86
Ra/Re
Sun god, travels across sky and battle serpent
87
Amun
Sun god
88
Aten
Sun god
89
Ptah
god of crafts, creates humans
90
Khnum
god of the Nile
91
Atrahasis
Man who survived the flood; became divine
92
Enlil
god of kings
93
Anu
Sky god
94
Ishtar/Inanna
goddess of lust and fertility
95
Utnapishtim
Who Gilgamesh seeks out; became immortal
96
Enkidu
Made by gods, companion to Gilgamesh
97
Gilgamesh
King of Uruk, 2/3 god
98
Shamash
goddess of justice
99
Ereshkigal
goddess of underworld
100
Marduk
Victorious god, deity of Babylon
101
Sargon
Akkadian King, created 1st empire, rules as a god
102
Naram-Sin
Grandson of Sargon, called himself: "King of 4 quarters" "god of Akkad", defeated Lullabi
103
Ur-Nammu
Neo-Sumerian King, does not say he's divine, 1st law code
104
Hammurabi
Babylonian king; expands empire; creates law code
105
Assurnasirpal
Assyrian king; grew military
106
Sargon II
Assyrian king; founds capital at Dur Sharrukin; new style of militaristic art; builds a citadel
107
Assurbanirpal
Assyrian king, conquers Egypt; builds palace at Nineveh; hunted lions
108
Cyrus the Great
Persian king; founds greatest ancient empire
109
Darius III
Persian King; defeated by Alexander the Great
110
Alexander the Great
Macedonian who takes over the Ancient World
111
Ptolemy
Macedonian general; Takes over Egypt after Alexander's death
112
Narmer/Menes
Unites Upper and Lower Egypt, was king of Upper Egypt
113
Djoser
King, commissioned first step pyramid
114
Imhotep
Architect who designed the 1st pyramid; deified as the god of medicine
115
Khufu
King; biggest pyramid
116
Khafre
Son of Khufu; smaller pyramid; made the sphinx
117
Menkaure
Son of Khafre; smallest pyramid; made statue of him and his queen as equals
118
Akhenaten
King; head priest of Aten; outlaws other gods
119
Nefertiti
Akhenaten's queen; high priestess
120
Ramses II
"The Great" regains Egyptian empire; makes an army of 100,000; battle of Qadesh
121
Battle of Qadesh
Keep Hittites in check
Battle of Levant
Stalemate, Ramses II claims victory
Peace treaty with Hittites
122
Sea Peoples and 12th century collapse
Disruption all over Mediterranean and Near East caused by waves of migrations of refugees
Mycenaean world collapsed, massive emigration
Mycenaeans and others who joined them called “Sea Peoples” in Egyptian records
Attacked Egypt, defeated by Ramses III in 1195 BE
Settled on Cyprus, southern Anatolia, and the Levant (Philistines)
Israelites move into Canaan
Hittite Empire collapses
Troy falls
Egyptian New Kingdom ends
Aramaeans into Mesopotamia
Kassite dynasty ends
Only Assyrians continue
123
Manetho
Egyptian priest from a temple in the Delta
Divided Egyptian history into 30 dynasties
First ruler to unite Egypt: Menes
124
Humbaba
Guards cedar forrest
125
Siduri
bar maid
126
Dumuzi
Ishtar's husband
127
Palette of Narmer
Pre-dynastic; Narmer unifying Upper and Lower Egypt
128
Royal Cemetery at Abydos
1st Dynasty kings; pit graves; human sacrifice
129
Step Pyramid of Djoser
Entirely of stone; enclosure wall; Old Kingdom; monumentalization of tombs; 1st columns; 1st moulding; unification theme; human labor
130
Art of Akhenaten
Elongated faced, hips; belly; family depictions; New Kingdom
131
Pyramids
Old Kingdom tombs
132
Female Head
Cult sculpture of Inanna; marble; Sumerian
133
Uruk Vase
Sumerian; horizontal bands of hierarchy
134
Votive Statues
Sumerian; given as gifts to deities; depict worshippers; buried
135
Bull-headed lyre
wooden; weird scenes, possibly from Gilgamesh; Sumerian
136
Head of an Akkadian ruler
made of Bronze, Akkadian, mutilated
137
Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
Akkadian; victory against Lullabi, astral signs; Naram-Sin is divine
138
Votive statue of Gudea
Neo-Sumerian; imported stone; pious position; dress covered in cuneiform telling his good deeds
139
Stele of Hammurabi
Babylonian; law is written on it; god giving Hammurabi the laws
140
Citadel of Sargon II
Assyrian; unfinished; heavily guarded; small ziggurat; intimidating art; reliefs of Assyrians winning historical battles; sieges; grappling hooks; scuba diving
141
Lamassu
Winged Bull with Human head; Assyrian; guard doors; stone; huge; intricate
142
Assurbanipal hunitng lions
Assyrian; hunting lions (controlled and brutal); at Palace at Nineveh
143
Ishtar Gate
Neo-Babylonian; main gate into city; bright; glazed brick; supernatural creatures
