Near East Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Votive Religion
A
Must give gifts to gods to get something back
2
Q
When did city-states form?
A
3,000
3
Q
Neolithic Period
A
Ag Revolution
4
Q
When was the neolithic period?
A
8,000
5
Q
Features of Uruk period
A
writing, wheel made pottery, villages to cities
6
Q
When was the Uruk period
A
4000-3100
7
Q
When was the Early Bronze Age?
A
3100-2000
8
Q
Cuneiform
A
Wedge-shaped writing
9
Q
First purposes for writing
A
record keeping(nouns and numbers)
10
Q
When was writing developed?
A
3200
11
Q
pictograph
A
picture of what something represents
12
Q
What did they write on?
A
clay tablets
13
Q
When was the Sumerian period?
A
3000-2300
14
Q
Sumerian language used for more than just what?
A
lists
15
Q
Urban revolution
A
development of city-states
16
Q
Where was administration centered?
A
The temple
17
Q
What were the social levels of Sumerian society?
A
King/ Priest, Priest(ess, bureaucracy, craftsman, laborer, farmer
18
Q
What were the two biggest social levels of Sumerian society?
A
Laborers and farmers
19
Q
Redistributive economy
A
All the goods are brought to the temple and rationed between people
20
Q
What was the White Temple covered in?
A
White plaster
21
Q
Why did ancient people build tall temples?
A
To get closer to the gods
22
Q
Who could go on the white temple?
A
Kings/ priests
23
Q
cult sculpture
A
statue of deity
24
Q
anthropomorphic
A
human form
25
Inanna
queen of gods, goddess of fertility
26
Uruk vase
Ceremonial vase found in white temple
27
What was all on the Uruk vase?
Rivers, plants, animals, priests(making offerings to Inanna), Inanna(at the temple), and the king making an offering to her
28
"hieros gamos"
sacred marriage; festival when king has sex with goddess in the form of her high priestess
29
votive statues
gifts given to deities
30
What happened when there were to many gifts in the temple?
excess gifts were buried carefully
31
What were features of votive statues?
They were offering cups, had big eyes of worshippers, typical clothes
32
When was the royal cemetery at Ur discovered?
1920
33
How did they save artifacts made of wood?
Poured plaster in hollow cavities
34
What was tomb 800?
The chambers of the queen
35
What was all in tomb 800?
The queen and her servants, jewelry, etc...
36
How did the servants in tomb 800 die?
They willingly drank poison
37
What were Sumerian statues made of?
Gold and Lapis lazuli
38
What scenes were on the bull-headed lyre?
Man wrestling animals(mastering animals), odd creatures acting like people
39
When was the Akkadian empire?
2300-2100
40
Sargon
Akkadian king, mythologized, 1st unified empire, viewed as god
41
What did the Akkadians emphasize?
military
42
Did the Akkadians have there own writing?
No, they adopted Sumerian writing
43
Naram-Sin
Akkadian king; called himself king of the 4 quarters and God of Akkad
44
How did the Akkadian empire end?
Nomadic raids
45
What happened to the head of the Akkadian King(likely Sargon) statue?
It was mutilated by invading forces
46
Naram-Sin stele
NS defeating the Lullabi, showing him as being favored by the gods
47
stele
upright slab
48
what were bull-horns a sign of?
divinity
49
When was the third dynasty of Ur?
2100-2000
50
Ur Nammu
King of Ur, does not say he's divine, first surviving code of law
51
Sumerian renaissance
Revival of Sumerian culture, building program, irrigation, economic boom, piety, peace, prosperity
52
How does the third dynasty of Ur end?
An ag crisis and the Elamites
53
Statues of King Gudea
In pious position, temple plan on his lap, covered in cuneiform writings of his good deeds
54
When was the babylonian empire?
2000-1595
55
When was Babylon established as the capital?
1894
56
Hammurabi
Brings order and expansion, establishes bureaucracy with taxation, Law code
57
Official language of Babylonia
Akkadian
58
What is the Sumerian language used for in Babylon?
religion
59
How did the Babylonian empire end
Ag troubles and Hittites and Kassites
60
Code of Hammurabi
Public(written on statues), given by gods
61
How many laws in CoH? Content?
700+, most on business, offense/punishment
62
When was the late Bronze Age?
1500-1200
63
What civilizations ruled During the LBA?
Kassites-Hittites-Assyrians
64
What happened at the end of the LBA?
Chaos, mass emigration(Sea peoples), Israelites move to Canaan
65
When did the Assyrians Rule?
1350-626
66
Who did the Assyrians think of themselves as successors of?
Akkadians
67
Assurnasirpal
Assyrian King, grew empire and military
68
What did the Assyrians use to fight?
chariots and horses
69
Sargon II
Assyrian king, founded new capital, military campaigns, unfinished palace
70
Assurbanipal
biggest expansion, palace at Nineveh
71
Who defeated the Assyrians?
Babylonians/Medes(Persians)
72
What writing did the Assyrians use?
cuneiform
73
Citadel of Sargon II
unfinished, fortified, guarded
74
Ziggurat of the Citadel
more steps, but less centered(religion not as important)
75
Rooms in courtyard of Citadel
for religious uses, officials, archives
76
Second fortified are in citadel for who
king
77
art in the citadel
stone reliefs, depict intimidating scenes, historic battles, Assyrian victory, siege warfare and machines
78
Lamassu
mythical creatures( wings, bull, human head), protected doorways, huge, intricate
79
Palace at Nineveh art
King hunting lions, easy sport(in zoos), brutal
80
When was the Neo-Babylonian empire?
626-539
81
Nebuchadnezzar II
Conquered Judah and moved Jews, reconstructed Babylon
82
Reconstruction of babylon
Created hanging gardens, museums, library, Ishtar gate
83
Ishtar Gate
Glazed brick, bright, supernatural creatures guard way into Babylon
84
When was the Persian Empire
550-331
85
Cyrus the Great
Persian King, founds one of the greatest empires of all time
86
Darius I
1st Persian War King, began palace at Persepolis
87
Palace at Persepolis
Influences from all over empire, builders and art from Greece, Egypt, etc
88
Persian Wars
Stopped western expansion, an embarrassment to Persians to be defeated by Greeks
89
How was the Persian empire organized?
Into satrapies
90
Who ruled a satrapy
A satrap
91
who frees the jews
cyrus the great
