Exam 1 Study Guide Review

Question 1

What are the differences between a sign and a symptom?

Answer 1

sign - objective observation

symptom - subjective experience

Question 2

give an example of a sign of disease

Answer 2

rash
cough
high blood pressure
fever

Question 3

give an example of a symptom of a disease

Answer 3

nausea
fatigue
headache

Question 4

What is a nosocomial disease?

Answer 4

an infection that develops while receiving health care

a healthcare-associated infection

Question 5

What is an iatrogenic disease?

Answer 5

a condition or illness that is unintentionally caused by medical treatment or procedures

Question 6

give an example of an iatrogenic disease

Answer 6

Hep C from contaminated blood transfusion
stomach ulcers from NSAIDs
organ damage from surgery

Question 7

What is an idiopathic disease?

Answer 7

A disease with an unknown cause

Question 8

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 8

when plaque(buildup of fatty deposits and other substances) forms on inner walls of arteries -> narrows the blood vessels reducing blood flow

Question 9

what are the causes of atherosclerosis?

Answer 9

lifestyle-high cholesterol, smoking, inactivity, obesity

medical-diabetes, insulin resistance, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory diseases

Question 10

what are the complications to atherosclerosis?

Answer 10

heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease

Question 11

how is atherosclerosis treated?

Question 12

what is an aneurysm?

Answer 12

a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel wall

Question 13

how is an aneurysm treated?

Question 14

what is atelectasis?

Answer 14

a condition where part or all of a lung collapses

when alveoli become blocked or compressed so they cant expand with air

Question 15

what are the causes of atelectasis?

Answer 15

obstruction of alveoli

like pleural effusion, pneumothorax, tumors pressing on lung

Question 16

what is pleural effusion?

Answer 16

buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity(space between lung and chest wall)

Question 17

how is pleural effusion treated?

Answer 17

minor usually goes away on its own

thoracentesis

Question 18

what is thoracentesis?

Answer 18

a procedure that involves draining fluid from the pleural space with a needle

Question 19

what is a pneumothorax?

Answer 19

where air enters the pleural space

Question 20

what are the complications of a pneumothorax?

Answer 20

air in pleural space can cause lung to partially or completely collapse

preventing lung from expanding and taking in oxygen

Question 21

what does atelectasis look like?

Question 22

how is atelectasis treated?

Question 23

what is pancreatic cancer?

Answer 23

cancer in the pancreas

Question 24

what are the causes of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 24

lifestyle -
smoking
obesity
diabetes
chronic pancreatitis
excessive alcohol

genetics

Question 25

how is pancreatic cancer treated?

Question 26

what is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 26

when he thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Question 27

what are the causes of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 27

graves disease thyroid nodules thyroiditis certain medications

Question 28

what are thyroid nodules?

Answer 28

benign growths on the thyroid gland that can produce excess hormone

Question 29

what is graves disease?

Answer 29

an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the thyroid gland

Question 30

what does hyperthyroidism look like?

Answer 30

bulging eyes(graves disease) enlarged thyroid gland(goiter) warm skin fine brittle hair weight loss

Question 31

what is hypothyroidism?

Answer 31

when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones

Question 32

what are the causes to hypothyroidism?

Answer 32

hashimoto thyroiditis iodine deficiency thyroid surgery radiation therapy certain medications

Question 33

what is hashimoto thyroiditis?

Answer 33

an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland

Question 34

what are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 34

fatigue weight gain cold intolerance dry skin and hair puffy face slow heart rate

Question 35

what are the differences between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?

Answer 35

hyper is too much thy hormone -accelerated bodily functions -weight loss -frequent bowel movement hypo is too little thy hormone -slowed bodily functions -weight gain -fatigue -constipation