Hepatobiliary system ppt and SA

Question 1

what are the double blood supply for the liver?

Answer 1

hepatic artery - 1/3
portal vein - 2/3

Question 2

what is the function of the liver

Answer 2

metabolize
detox
store different vitamins

Question 3

describe the biliary tree and what connects to what

Answer 3

the right and left hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct

gallbladder-> cystic duct

cystic duct + common hepatic duct -> common bile duct

common bile duct + pancreatic duct -> ampulla of vater

ampulla of vater -> sphinctor of oddi

Question 4

what is the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 4

it regulates flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum

Question 5

what does the gallbladder do?

Answer 5

stores and concentrates bile produced in liver

Question 6

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 6

produce digestive enzymes and regulate carbohydrate metabolism with insulin and glucagon

Question 7

what is the modality imaging of choice when viewing hepatobiliary system?

Answer 7

sonography

Question 8

What is alcohol induced liver disease?

Answer 8

caused by heavy use of alcohol. The liver’s job is to break down alcohol. If you drink more than it can process, it can become badly damaged. Steatotic (fatty) liver can happen in anyone who consumes a lot of alcohol.

Question 9

What are the complications of alcohol-induced liver disease?

Answer 9

Hepatomegaly
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 10

what other non-alcoholic causes of fatty liver disease

Answer 10

type 2 diabetes mellitus
metabolic syndrome
hyperlipidemia

Question 11

how is fatty live disease treated?

Answer 11

weight loss
exercise
insulin resistance treatment
if alcoholic cause-remove alcohol

Question 12

What is cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 12

Where parts of the liver are destroyed and replaced with fibrous scar tissue interfering with its function

Question 13

what are complications of cirrhosis?

Answer 13

Portal venous hypertension
Esophageal varices
Hemorrhaging
Splenomegaly
Ascites – fluid accumulation in the abdomen

Question 14

what is ascites?

Answer 14

a buildup of fluid in your abdomen

Question 15

What is hepatitis usually caused by?

Answer 15

viral agents

Question 16

What are the 6 viral types of hepatitis ?

Answer 16

A B C D E F G

Question 17

What is hepatitis A spread through?

Answer 17

contaminated food or fecal material

Question 18

does Hep A lead to serious illness?

Answer 18

no. it does not lead to chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis

Question 19

how is Hep B transmitted

Answer 19

parenterally by affected serum or blood products

Question 20

does hep b progress into sever illness?

Answer 20

yes. can lead to chronic hepatitis and liver failure

Question 21

how is hep c transmitted?

Answer 21

parenterally by rna virus
blood transfusions

Question 22

can hep c lead to a serious illness?

Answer 22

yes. can lead to acute or chronic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis of the liver

Question 23

how does hep d occur?

Answer 23

with rna virus and only concurrently with acute or chronic Hep B

Question 24

what is unique about hep d?

Answer 24

it cannot occur along and progresses to chronic hepatitis

Question 25

how is hep e caused?

Answer 25

rna virus

Question 26

does hep e progress to a severe illness?

Answer 26

no. does not progress to chronic hepatitis

Question 27

how is hep g transmitted?

Answer 27

blood products

Question 28

does hep g lead to a severe illness?

Answer 28

yes. it may lead to chronic hepatitis

Question 29

what are the hep that may develop into chronic hepatitis?

Answer 29

B C D G

Question 30

What is cholithiasis

Answer 30

gallstones

Question 31

what is cholelithiasis fairly common in?

Answer 31

Female Diabetes Overweight Older adults Western diet Heredity

Question 32

what is cholecystitis

Answer 32

acute inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 33

how does cholecystitis happen?

Answer 33

Cholecystitis happens when bile gets trapped in the gallbladder. This usually happens because gallstones are blocking a tube that drains bile from the gallbladder.

Question 34

What is the causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 34

Excessive alcohol consumption Gallstones or tumor obstructing bile flow

Question 35

what is pancreatitis?

Answer 35

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 36

what does chronic pancreatitis cause?

Answer 36

irreversible damage

Question 37

what is the common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 37

excessive alcohol consumption

Question 38

what is the common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 38

gallstones

Question 39

what is a pancreatic pseudocyst?

Answer 39

fluid filled sac filled with pancreatic fluids and enzymes

Question 40

what is hepatocellular adenoma

Answer 40

rare benign tumor of liver. typically occurs with high levels of estrogen

Question 41

what is hemangioma?

Answer 41

noncancerous growths of blood vessels that usually go away on their own

Question 42

what is hepatocellular carcinoma(hepatoma)

Answer 42

primary liver cell cancer - most common

Question 43

what is hepatoma/hepatocellular carcinoma sometimes associated with?

Answer 43

hep b & c alcoholism

Question 44

what is jaundice?

Answer 44

yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes

Question 45

what is jaundice caused by?

Answer 45

high levels of bilirubin in the blood,

Question 46

why is the liver a common spread site for metastatic cancer?

Answer 46

because it filters the blood

Question 47

is it more common for cancer to start in the liver?

Answer 47

no. it is less common. the cancer usually metastasized from other source sites like colon, pancreas, stomach, lung, and breast

Question 48

why is the prognosis poor for metastatic liver disease and pancreatic cancer?

Answer 48

it's usually asymptomatic and when found, it's often too late to cure

Question 49

are most gallbladder neoplasms cancerous?

Answer 49

no they are malignant

Question 50

what is porcelain gallbladder?

Answer 50

calcification of the gallbladder walls

Question 51

what is porcelain gallbladder cause by?

Answer 51

chronic cholecystitis - walls become fibrous, then calcified

Question 52

what is the most common site of pancreatic cancer on the pancreas?

Answer 52

the head

Question 53

what is pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 53

free air in peritoneal(abdomen) cavity

Question 54

what is splenomegaly?

Answer 54

the enlargement of the spleen

Question 55

why is splenic rupture a concern?

Answer 55

it causes rapid blood loss and usually requires immediate surgery

Question 56

A pear-shaped organ that lies on the under surface of the liver is the:

Answer 56

Gallbladder

Question 57

True/False About 60-70% of pancreatic cancers occur in the tail of the pancreas.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

True/False Ascites is a common complication of liver cirrhosis

Answer 58

True

Question 59

True or False Chronic pancreatitis resolves without impairing the histologic makeup of the pancreas.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

True/False Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in persons with cirrhosis.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

How many types of viral hepatitis have been identified?

Answer 61

6

Question 62

True/False Primary liver cancer is more common than liver metastasis.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

True/False The liver has a double supply of blood, coming from the hepatic artery and the portal vein.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

True/False Porcelain gallbladder increases the risk of gallbladder carcinoma

Answer 64

True

Question 65

What is (are) the modality of choice to image hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 65

CT and MRI

Question 66

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 66

Gallstones

Question 67

Which of the following is appropriate when imaging a patient with known liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites?

Answer 67

Increase in kVp

Question 68

A fluid collection that develops from the pancreas is termed:

Answer 68

a pseudocyst

Question 69

Cirrhosis of the liver is considered an end-stage condition resulting from liver damage caused by chronic: 1. alcohol abuse 2. hepatitis 3. biliary tract obstruction

Answer 69

1, 2, and 3

Question 70

True/False The liver is a common site for metastasis from other primary sites such as the colon, pancreas, stomach, lung, and breast.

Answer 70

True