Exam 1: Technique Evaluation

Question 1

Determines the penetrating power of the x-ray?

Answer 1

Kilovoltage (kVp)

Question 2

Determines the total number of x-rays and the time they can be released from the x-ray tube to expose the film?

Answer 2

Milliamperage-second (mAs)

Question 3

The degree of blackness of the radiograph?

Answer 3

Radiograph density

Question 4

The difference in density between two areas on the radiograph?

Answer 4

Radiographic contrast

Question 5

____ affects the density?

Answer 5

mAs

Question 6

If an area is very dense fewer x-rays will pass through, therefore the object will appear _____ on the image.

Answer 6

Lighter

Question 7

____ and ____ density are inversely related.

Answer 7

Tissue and film

Question 8

From whitest to darkest:

Answer 8

Metal, bone, water, fat, gas

Question 9

Film fogging due to improper storage, processing conditions, and light exposure can also effect the ____?

Answer 9

Density

Question 10

If there is a lot of variance between density of the radiograph, the contrast is said to be ____?

Answer 10

High (basically black and white)

Question 11

Slight difference in density results in ___ contrast?

Answer 11

Low (more areas of grey)

Question 12

____ affects the contrast?

Answer 12

kVp

Question 13

We refer to low contrast (more areas of grey) as a _____ scale of contrast?

Answer 13

Longer

Question 14

As kVp increases, the scale of contrast _____?

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

Things that can effect contrast:

Answer 15

1. Tissue density
2. kVp
3. Object shape and density
4. Film fogging
5. Use of contrast medium

Question 16

Radiographs should be viewed in a _____ room using an ____ lit view-box.

Answer 16

Semi-darkened; evenly

Question 17

How should a radiograph be placed on the view-box?

Answer 17

-Animal’s head should be at the top
-Animal’s right should be to the viewer’s left
For lateral views, the animal should face the left and their spine should face the top of the view-box.

Question 18

Two main questions of the technique evaluation:

Answer 18

1. Is the radiograph too dark or too light?

2. Does it show proper penetration?

Question 19

The more the exposure, the _____ the film.

Answer 19

Darker

Question 20

Underexposed radiographs will appear too ____.

Answer 20

Light

Question 21

General rule of overexposed radiographs (too dark)

Answer 21

Decrease the kVp by 10 or half the mAs.

Question 22

General rule of underexposed radiographs (too light)

Answer 22

Increase the kVp by 10 or double the mAs.

Question 23

To determine whether to adjust the kVp or the mAs, you must first decide if the radiograph has?

Answer 23

Proper penetration

Question 24

If penetration is inappropriate, you adjust the ___ how?

Answer 24

kVp
Too light- increase
Too dark- decrease

Question 25

If the penetration is satisfactory, you adjust the ___ how?

Answer 25

mAs Too light (bright)- increase Too dark- decrease

Question 26

When looking at a radiograph that appears too light: How do you know if x-ray penetration is adequate?

Answer 26

The anatomical outlines should be visible. | ex. when viewing the abdomen the outline of the liver, spleen, kidneys, etc should be visible.

Question 27

When viewing a radiograph that appears too dark: How do you know if the x-ray penetration was too much?

Answer 27

Look at the contrast between the radiographic images. | ex. bone tissue compared to soft tissue

Question 28

General rule for radiographs that are too dark:

Answer 28

High kVp results in an increased contrast scale (radiograph appears grey)

Question 29

You want to have low contrast/ longer contrast scale in radiographs of ____ tissue such as the abdomen.

Answer 29

Soft

Question 30

You want to have high contrast/ shorter contrast scale for radiographs of ____?

Answer 30

Bone

Question 31

Name some disease factors or other factors that could effect the radiograph machine settings:

Answer 31

1. Pleural fluid/effusion 2. Ascites 3. Obesity 4. Plaster cast 5. Younger animals

Question 32

An area of un-sharpness on the image

Answer 32

Peumbra

Question 33

Artifact that is caused by the divergence of the beam

Answer 33

Peumbra

Question 34

Artifact where the small area under the small social spot will be clear, but other areas of the film may be blurred.

Answer 34

Peumbra

Question 35

Artifacts where the heel of the anode absorbs some of the electrons that are emitted; therefore the images on the cathode side of the radiograph may not be as sharp.

Answer 35

Anode-heel effect

Question 36

Appears as an overall greenness in the film causing a decrease in contrast.

Answer 36

Film fogging

Question 37

Artifact that usually results from improper storage of the film resulting in damage from ambient light and/or scatter radiation?

Answer 37

Film fogging

Question 38

Artifact where the image will appear larger than normal

Answer 38

Magnification

Question 39

This occurs when the portion of the animal that is being radiographed does not remain parallel to the film. The object either appears elongated or foreshortened.

Answer 39

Distortion

Question 40

Can cause a blurred appearance of the film. It can also reduce the amount of contrast seen on the film.

Answer 40

Movement

Question 41

To reduce movement, use the _____ time setting possible.

Answer 41

Shortest