Exam 1: Lecture 2. Radiology Machine

Question 1

Average range of most machines?

Answer 1

40 to 120 kVp

Question 2

Because part of the beam is absorbed when using a grid, _____ settings may need to be adjusted accordingly.

Answer 2

Exposure settings. Usually an increase in mA or seconds.

Question 3

Placement of grids:

Answer 3

1. Placed directly on top of the cassette
2. Built into the cassette
3. Placed under the x-ray table but between the patient and the film

Question 4

Grid patterns:

Answer 4

Linear and crossed grid (crosshatch)

Question 5

Most common grid pattern?

Answer 5

Linear

Question 6

What is meant by the grid ration?

Answer 6

It refers to the height of the lead stripe compared to the width of the interspace.

Question 7

The higher the ratio, the more _____ will be absorbed.

Answer 7

Scatter radiation

Question 8

A common grid ratio that is used is?

Answer 8

6:1

Question 9

When a ____ is used, a grid factor should be included in the exposure calculation.

Answer 9

Grid

Question 10

The exposure factor is usually increased in the ____?

Answer 10

mAs

Question 11

Problems that occur when using a grid:

Answer 11

1. Using the incorrect focal to film distance
2. Incorrect grid positioning
3. Incorrect centering or tilting of the grid

Question 12

Another name for the Potter-Bucky Diaphragm?

Answer 12

Bucky

Question 13

The bucky is usually located where?

Answer 13

Under the x-ray table or vertically in a wall mounted unit.

Question 14

Advantages of the Bucky:

Answer 14

1. Movable
2. Filters scatter
3. No grid lines

Question 15

The bucky is not recommend for _____ units?

Answer 15

Portable

Question 16

The most versatile type of collimator contains?

Answer 16

Lead shutters and a light source

Question 17

The _____ helps the radiograph technician to view the field size.

Answer 17

Light source

Question 18

The light on the collimator also helps technicians to accurately?

Answer 18

Position the patient

Question 19

Collimator rule of thumb:

Answer 19

Use the smallest field size as possible

Question 20

Supports the x-ray tube?

Answer 20

Tube stand

Question 21

Tube stand models can vary from _____ stands to _____ stands mounted on the ceiling.

Answer 21

Tabletop stand to large stands

Question 22

_____ is used to provide/convert the necessary voltage to provide the electrical potential to accelerate electrons from the cathode to the anode.

Answer 22

High Voltage Circuit

Question 23

Incoming wall voltage must be changed to?

Answer 23

Kilovolts

Question 24

What is controlled/set at the control panel?

Answer 24

1. Quality (penetrating ability) of the x-rays produced.

2. mA controls the quantity, the amount of electrons produced.

Question 25

Most standard x-ray machines contain all of the following mechanisms:

Answer 25

1. On/off switch 2. Voltage compensator/ high voltage circuit 3. Low-voltage circuit 4. Kilovoltage selector 5. Milliamperage selector 6. Timer (to control length of exposure) 7. Exposure button 8. Warning light

Question 26

Goal of the timer on the control panel?

Answer 26

One thirtieth of a second- reduces chance of patient movement.

Question 27

Things that fall into the category of Digital Technologies:

Answer 27

1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 2. Computer Tomography (CT) 3. Ultrasound (US)

Question 28

How does digital radiography work?

Answer 28

- Instead of having a cassette containing a film and screen, the image is received be a image receptor and is converted to an electrical latent image. The electrical image is composed of tiny squares known as pixe. - The image is then transferred to a computer that is designated for digital radiographs. - Usually this conversion is done through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Question 29

Is often used to refer to the computer system that is used to receive, transfer, store, and display the image?

Answer 29

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

Question 30

Advantages of digital radiography:

Answer 30

1. Images can easily be adjusted 2. Less physical storage room 3. Files can be easily sent for referral 4. Because images can be altered electronically, it can result in fewer exposures.

Question 31

Two types of digital radiography:

Answer 31

Direct and Indirect

Question 32

Indirect systems act by converting?

Answer 32

Light to a digital signal

Question 33

Example of indirect systems?

Answer 33

Computed radiography

Question 34

The image in the indirect system is stored where and then must be taken to a _____.

Answer 34

On a plate and must be taken to a laser CR reader unit. (CR processor)

Question 35

The plate in indirect systems must be erased within ___ hrs to prevent the formation of?

Answer 35

24 hrs to prevent artifacts.

Question 36

Indirect systems: plates should not be exposed to?

Answer 36

Excess scatter radiation

Question 37

With direct systems, the x-ray is converted?

Answer 37

Directly to an electronic digital signal

Question 38

Direct systems have better?

Answer 38

Resolution

Question 39

T/F: Exposure techniques are as important when using digital radiography as they are when using analog radiography.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

T/F: kVp does not affect the contrast on digital radiographs.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

T/F: Technique charts do NOT vary greatly for body systems/parts when using digital radiography.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F: Digital radiography has greater contrast resolution than analog or traditional radiography.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Differs from regular radiographs b/c both the x-ray tube and the film rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum.

Answer 43

Computer Tomography (CT)

Question 44

Visually provides cross-sectional slices?

Answer 44

CT

Question 45

Which radiograph is sedation needed?

Answer 45

Fluoroscopy

Question 46

Provides a moving image that can be recorded?

Answer 46

Fluoroscopy

Question 47

Which radiograph can there be absolutely no metal objects in the room?

Answer 47

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 48

Which radiograph can provide real time moving images?

Answer 48

Fluoroscopy

Question 49

Which radiograph gives poor definition of bone?

Answer 49

MRI

Question 50

Which radiograph does not use ionizing radiation?

Answer 50

MRI

Question 51

Which radiograph is anesthesia usually needed to prevent patient movement?

Answer 51

MRI

Question 52

Radiograph that works by creating a magnetic field around the patient?

Answer 52

MRI

Question 53

MRIs are better than CTs for diagnostic purposes when pertaining to the?

Answer 53

Nervous system

Question 54

Example usages of CTs?

Answer 54

Intravenous urography of the kidney poles

Question 55

Which radiograph must you prep the area?

Answer 55

Ultrasound

Question 56

Radiograph used in cats to detect the size of the thyroid?

Answer 56

Nuclear scintigraphy

Question 57

Radiograph that can be used to guide needle biopsies?

Answer 57

Ultrasound

Question 58

Radiograph that uses high frequency sound waves?

Answer 58

Ultrasound

Question 59

The sound waves in an ultrasound are emitted from?

Answer 59

A transducer.

Question 60

Consists of a ceramic crystal in between two pinchers

Answer 60

Transducer

Question 61

The two different modes of an ultrasound:

Answer 61

B mode | M mode

Question 62

Mode used in cardiology?

Answer 62

M mode

Question 63

Most common mode?

Answer 63

B mode

Question 64

Mode that allows for the visualization of movement?

Answer 64

B mode

Question 65

Mode that movement can be frozen?

Answer 65

M mode

Question 66

Radiograph that is good for viewing soft tissue?

Answer 66

Ultrasound

Question 67

Radiograph that uses radioactive isotopes, given as an injection?

Answer 67

Nuclear scintigraphy

Question 68

Nuclear scintigraphy abnormalities either appear as areas of abnormally high or low _____ activity.

Answer 68

Isotope