Exam 1 - Tuberculosis (8 points) Flashcards
(50 cards)
What bacterium causes Tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an aerobic, acid-fast bacilli
Describe the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
It is an aerobic, acid-fast bacilli
T/F: Tuberculosis is a leading killer in patients with HIV.
TRUE
Tuberculosis presents as either ____ or _____ disease.
Tuberculosis presents as either ACTIVE or LATENT disease.
Define Latent Disease.
Absence of symptoms (active disease) but test positively on skin testing
What area of the body does Tuberculosis infect?
Predominately the lungs, but can infect any organ of the body
How is Tuberculosis spread?
By airborne particles (droplet nuclei) from infected individuals that are inhaled
Name the three risk factors for TB.
1) Non-US born higher than US born
2) Homelessness
3) HIV
T/F: Latent disease TB is the most common form of TB.
TRUE
List the characteristics of Latent TB.
- Asymptomatic
- Can’t transmit to others
- Will have a positive TB skin test
- May progress to ACTIVE disease in the absence of preventative treatment
- May progress to ACTIVE disease if patient becomes immunosuppressed from disease or medications
T/F: You cannot be latent disease TB your entire life.
FALSE - you can be latent your entire life
T/F: In latent TB you cannot transmit to anyone else.
TRUE - can’t transmit to others in latent tuberculosis
T/F: In latent TB patients will have a negative TB skin test.
FALSE - in latent tuberculosis patients will have a positive TB skin test
Name the five categories of patients at risk for progression to active disease.
1) HIV disease
2) Recent infection (last two years)
3) Babies and young children
4) Elderly
5) Untreated
Name the typical clinical presentations (s/s) for active disease TB.
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Productive cough
- Hemoptysis
- Elevated lymphocyte count
- Thrombocytosis
- Cavitary lesions on x-ray, commonly affecting the upper lobes
Name the atypical clinical presentations (s/s) of active disease TB.
- Lymphadenopathy
- HA
- Seizures
- Confusion
T/F: A progressive primary disease spreads beyond the lungs with the initial infection.
TRUE
T/F: A progressive primary disease also develops a latent period.
FALSE - progressive primary disease does not develop a latency period
What are the 3 risk factors for developing progressive primary disease?
1) Children
2) Elderly
3) Immunocompromised
How do we screen/diagnose TB?
Skin testing (Mantoux, PPD)
T/F: The skin testing for TB screening does not differentiate latent from active disease.
TRUE
How many unit are injected intradermally for the TB skin test?
5 tuberculin units
Positive responders should ______ receive the skin test again.
Positive responders should NEVER receive the skin test again.
What is the name of the TB diagnostic skin test?
Manatoux, PPD
