Exam 1, Tuesday

Question 1

What is pre-adapted?

Answer 1

infants are born with the ability to form social relationships and understand their environments

Question 2

controls reflexes

Answer 2

Brainstem. Completely functional at birth

Question 3

motor control

Answer 3

Cerebellum. Still developing at birth.

Question 4

involved in memory formation

Answer 4

Hippocampus

Question 5

Myelination

Answer 5

formation of nerve fibers that helps speed nerve impulses

Question 6

baby grasps with a tight fist; goes away at 3-4 months

Answer 6

Palmar grasp

Question 7

fencing position laying on back; goes away at 4 months

Answer 7

Tonic neck

Question 8

put pressure on both palms, they turn head straight and close eyes. Used to get their attention

Answer 8

Babkin

Question 9

drop slightly, baby spread arms and arches back to protect spine; goes away at 6 months

Answer 9

Moro

Question 10

when infant is laid on stomach, stretches out arms

Answer 10

Swimming reflex

Question 11

baby fans out toes when sole of foot is stroked; goes away at 8-12 months

Answer 11

Babinski

Question 12

hold infant under arms with feet near the surface; goes away at 8 weeks if not reinforced

Answer 12

Walking reflex

Question 13

baby swings toward side of back you stroke; pathological if it continues past 6 months

Answer 13

Galant reflex

Question 14

infant turns head to suck based what side of cheek you rub; voluntary after 3 weeks

Answer 14

Rooting reflex

Question 15

Habituation

Answer 15

automatic decrease in attention that occurs when the same stimulus is presented repeatedly

Question 16

Orienting response

Answer 16

automatic behavioral and physiological response to the habituated stimulus

Question 17

Dishabituation

Answer 17

increased attention to new stimulus after habituation to a previous stimulus

Question 18

Associative learning

Answer 18

certain stimuli or events go together

Question 19

Classical conditioning

Answer 19

something benign is combined with something stimulating so that we respond to benign object with every stimulation

Question 20

Operant conditioning

Answer 20

behavior increases or decreases because of consequences

Question 21

deliberate actions producing large movements, like arms and legs

Answer 21

Gross motor skills

Question 22

small body movements, especially of hands and fingers

Answer 22

Fine motor skills

Question 23

early spontaneous arm movements, only sometimes responding to an object; 1-4 months

Answer 23

Pre-reaching

Question 24

What is perception?

Answer 24

the brain’s interpretation of sensory information

Question 25

What is vision acuity?

Answer 25

the degree to which one can see fine details

Question 26

What is binocular vision?

Answer 26

ability to see three-dimensionally out of both eyes (14 weeks)

Question 27

What is retinal disparity?

Answer 27

when eyes are set apart from each other and receive different images

Question 28

When newborns react reflexively with the whole body

Answer 28

Differentiation

Question 29

When does pursuit eye-movement begin?

Answer 29

2 months

Question 30

when the caregiver supports emotional regulation

Answer 30

Didactic regulation

Question 31

the extent to which a person feels enthusiastic and alert

Answer 31

Positive affectivity