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CDM1 > Exam 1: Vitamins > Flashcards

Exam 1: Vitamins Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Vitamin A: Use

A

Eyesight (AMD/cataracts)

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2
Q

Vitamin A: 2 Types and names

A
  1. Retinol (preformed)

2. Beta-carotene (pro-vitamin)

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3
Q

Vitamin A: Dosing - UL

A

UL: 3000 mcg (preformed vitamin A) – avoid high doses if pregnant (birth defects)

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4
Q

Vitamin A: Adverse effects

A 
Yellow skin (too much beta-carotene, harmless)
Hepatotoxicity 
Birth defects (retinol)
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5
Q

Vitamin B1: Name

A

Thiamin

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6
Q

Vitamin B1: Use

A

Alcoholic dependency

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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7
Q

Vitamin B2: Name

A

Riboflavin

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8
Q

Vitamin B2: Uses

A

Migraines

Cataracts

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9
Q

Vitamin B2: Adverse effects

A

Diarrhea when used in large doses (>400mg for migraines)

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10
Q

Vitamin B3: Name

A

Niacin

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11
Q

Vitamin B3: Use

A

Cholesterol
Increases HCL
Decreases TG, LDL

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12
Q

Vitamin B3: Dosing

A

Cholesterol: 1-3g daily

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13
Q

Vitamin B3: Adverse Effects

A

Glucose intolerance
>50mg: Flushing/itching/headache
>1.5g: hepatotoxicity

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14
Q

Vitamin B6: Name

A

Pyridoxine

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15
Q

Vitamin B6: Use

A

Pregnancy induced nausea/vomiting

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16
Q

Vitamin B6: Dosing

A

10-25mg TID or QID (<100mg/day)

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17
Q

Vitamin B6: Adverse effect

A

Sensory neuropathy at doses >200mg

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18
Q

Vitamin B6: Other info

A

Decreases folic acid conc.

Antiepileptics may cause vitamin B6 deficiency

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19
Q

Vitamin B9: Name

A

Folate (Folic acid)

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20
Q

Vitamin B9: Uses

A

Neural tube defects

Alcoholic dependency

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21
Q

Vitamin B9: Dosing

A

Prevention of neural tube defects: 400mcg DFE (increase to 600mcg DFE when pregnancy is confirmed)

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22
Q

Vitamin B9: Warning with vitamin B12

A

Folic acid masks some s/sx of pernicious anemia resulting in neurologic deficiency if B12 deficient

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23
Q

Vitamin B9: Other drug interactions

A

Folic acid masks s/sx of pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency!)
May decrease effectiveness of methotrexate when used for cancer
Antiepileptics may reduce folate levels

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24
Q

Vitamin B12: Name

A

Cyanocobalamin

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25
Vitamin B12: Use
Older adults | Pernicious anemia
26
Vitamin B12: Dosing equivalence
PO equivalent to IM
27
Vitamin B12: What decreases B12 ABSORPTION
PPIs and H2 receptor blockers
28
Vitamin B12: What decreases B12 LEVELS
Metformin
29
Vitamin B12: Drug interactions
PPIs, H2 blockers (Acid suppression decreases B12 absorption) Metformin (decreases B12 levels)
30
Vitamin C: Name
Ascorbic acid
31
Vitamin C: Use
Immune function Iron absorption Wound healing
32
Vitamin C: Cold dosing
2g daily (UL)
33
Vitamin C: Adverse effects
Kidney stones possible (>1g daily)
34
Vitamin C: Usually does not decrease duration or prevent colds unless you are ____ and/or _____
Chronic smokers/elderly (vit C deficiency)
35
Vitamin C: May decrease cold duration by ___ days
1-1.5 days
36
Vitamin D: 2 Types and names
Ergocalciferol (D2) and Cholecalciferol (D3)
37
Vitamin D: Uses
Osteoporosis | Fall prevention
38
Vitamin D: Dosing for 0-12 months
10mcg (400IU)
39
Vitamin D: Dosing for 1-70y
15 mcg (600IU)
40
Vitamin D: Dosing for >70y
20mcg (800IU)
41
Vitamin D: Deficient serum levels
<12ng/ml
42
Vitamin D: Insufficient serum levels
12-20ng/ml insufficient
43
Vitamin D: Goal serum levels
30-60ng/ml
44
Vitamin D: Considerations
Consider sun time / skin color / sunscreen
45
Vitamin E: Name
Alpha-tocopherol
46
Vitamin E: Uses
Dementia | AMD
47
Vitamin E: Dosing for dementia
2000IU/day
48
Vitamin E: Adverse effect
>400 IU/d increases bleeding risk and risk of death in elderly with multiple co-morbidities or CVD
49
Vitamin K: Name
Phytonadione
50
Vitamin K: Use
Reverse effects of warfarin (decrease risk of bleeding)
51
Vitamin K: Where is it found?
Found in green leafy vegetables
52
Vitamin K: T/F: vit K and potassium equivalent
No
53
Calcium: Use
Osteoporosis | Antiacid
54
Calcium: Dosing for adults 20-50
1000mg/d
55
Calcium: Dosing for men 51-70y
1000mg/d
56
Calcium: Dosing for women >50 and men >70
1200mg/d
57
Calcium: Reason for dividing doses
Absorption starts to become saturated at doses >500mg (separate doses if >500)
58
Calcium: TUMS
Calcium carbonate (highest % elemental calcium, inexpensive, less pills, acid dependent)
59
Calcium: T/F Calcium carbonate has the lowest % elemental calcium
False -- calcium carbonate has the highest elemental calcium
60
Calcium: T/F Calcium salts have lower % elemental calcium, more expensive, more pills, acid independent
True
61
Iron: Name
Ferrous suflate 325mg(65mg elemental)
62
Iron: Use
Anemia
63
Iron: Treatment dosing
100-200mg elemental iron
64
Iron: How is dosing typically divided?
TID due to saturation of absorption
65
Iron: Adverse effects
Constipation N/V Dark stools Abdominal pain
66
Iron: What increases iron absorption?
Vitamin C
67
Iron: Drug interactions
Bisphosphonates Levothyroxine Fluoroquinolones Tetracycline
68
Magnesium: Use
Constipation | Headaches
69
Magnesium: Adverse effects
Diarrhea
70
Magnesium: What decreases magnesium levels?
Chronic PPIs and diuretics
71
Zinc: Uses
Common cold Wound healing AMD
72
Zinc: What type of zinc is used for dandruff shampoo?
Zinc pyrithione
73
Zinc: Adverse effects
Metallic taste | N/V
74
Zinc: What formulation of zinc can cause anosmia?
intranasal gel/spray
75
Zinc: Anosmia: What is anosmia?
Losing sense of smell
76
Zinc: Antibiotic considerations
Separate antibiotics by 3 hours

CDM1 (19 decks)

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