Exam 3: Respiratory

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx

Question 2

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Trachea, left lung (2 lobes), right lung (3 lobes)

Question 3

Order of lung lining

Answer 3

Lung, visceral pleura, parietal pleura

Question 4

Diaphragm: Contracting

Answer 4

pulls open rib cage, reduce pressure of chest cavity, air IN

Question 5

Diaphragm: Relaxing

Answer 5

Contracts rib cage, increase pressure of chest cavity, pushes air OUT

Question 6

Intercostal muscles def

Answer 6

muscles between ribs

Question 7

Scalenes def

Answer 7

Muscles above clavicle

Question 8

Affiliated cells def

Answer 8

clear lungs of foreign particles

Question 9

Goblet cells

Answer 9

Produce mucus

Question 10

Pulmonary arteriole def

Answer 10

Brings oxygen depleted blood from heart

Question 11

Pulmonary venule def

Answer 11

Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 12

3 Units to ensure fxn of respiratory system

Answer 12

Alveolar ventilation
Pulmonary perfusion
Gas Exchange

Question 13

Alveolar ventilation def

Answer 13

Inhale (active)/exhale (passive)

Question 14

Pulmonary perfusion def

Answer 14

Blood flow to lungs

Question 15

Gas exchange def

Answer 15

ventilation and perfusion needed for gas exchange

Question 16

Pathophysiology of ventilation: restrictive

Answer 16

Inability to effective breathe in

Ex. interstitial lung disease, infiltrative lung disease (pneumonia), disorders of pleura or chest wall, surgical resection of lung (lobe removed), pregnancy, obesity, ascites

Question 17

Pathophysiology of ventilation: obstructive

Answer 17

Inability to effectively breathe out
Reduces FEV1/FVC ratio to <70%

Ex. Asthma

Question 18

Pathophysiology of perfusion: pulmonary embolism

Answer 18

Blood clot prevents effective gas exchange

Question 19

Respiratory assessment: sputum - mucoid

Answer 19

mucus is present

Question 20

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: Purulent

Answer 20

Contains pus

Question 21

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: yellow green

Answer 21

Upper respiratory infection

Question 22

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: rusty

Answer 22

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 23

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: pink

Answer 23

Blood mixed in alveoli/bronchioles

Pneumonia or pulmonary edema

Question 24

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: frothy

Answer 24

air bubbles from fluid in pulmonary capillaries that enters alveoli

Question 25

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: bloody

Answer 25

hemorrhage in respiratory tract, embolism, or trauma to the respiratory tract

Question 26

Dyspnea def

Answer 26

shortness of breath

Question 27

Orthopnea def

Answer 27

only occurs when laying flat, usually due to fluid distribution in lungs

Question 28

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea def

Answer 28

Sudden gasping for air when sleeping

Question 29

Wheezing def

Answer 29

high pitched sound usually exhalation but can be either

Question 30

Pleuritic pain def

Answer 30

chest pain when breathing, sharp/stabbing pain when inhaling (inflammation from pleural membranes)

Question 31

Tachypnea def

Answer 31

>18 bpm

Question 32

Bradypnea def

Answer 32

<14bpm

Question 33

Normal respirator rate

Answer 33

14-18bpm

Question 34

Hypernea def

Answer 34

normal rate but deeper than usual

Question 35

What causes cyanosis

Answer 35

lack of oxygen

Question 36

What causes pallor

Answer 36

decreased blood flow

Question 37

Normal breath sounds: bronchial sounds: location, pitchy, expiratory vs inspiratory sounds

Answer 37

listen over trachea and larynx high pitched, loud expiratory sounds > inspiratory

Question 38

Normal breath sounds: bronchovesicular sounds: location, pitchy, expiratory vs inspiratory sounds

Answer 38

Listen over major bronchi or between scapula Medium pitch and intensity Expiratory = inspiratory

Question 39

Normal breath sounds: vesicular sounds: location, pitchy, expiratory vs inspiratory sounds

Answer 39

Listen over smaller bronchioles and alveoli Low pitched and soft Inspiration>Expiration

Question 40

Adventitious breath sounds: Rales/crackles sounds

Answer 40

Short, popping sounds Most often during inhalation Can indicate: infxn, inflammation, CHF

Question 41

Adventitious breath sounds: Wheezes, stridor, and rhonchi

Answer 41

Wheezes - high pitched, heard over airways Stridor - high pitched wheeze, heard over larynx Rhonchi - low pitched, snoring quality

Question 42

Adventitious breath sounds: Friction rub

Answer 42

Deep harsh, grating sound inspiration > expiration caused by rubbing of visceral and parietal pleura

Question 43

Normal blood pH range

Answer 43

7.35-7.45

Question 44

Normal PaO2 range

Answer 44

80-100mmHg

Question 45

Normal PaCO2 range

Answer 45

35-45 mmHg

Question 46

Normal SaO2 range

Answer 46

92-100 on room air

Question 47

FVC def

Answer 47

forced vital capacity (biggest hardest exhalation)

Question 48

FEV1 def

Answer 48

forced expiratory volume in 1 second (first second of exhalation) Should be >70%

Question 49

Peak flow meter: Green

Answer 49

80-100%, no action needed

Question 50

Peak flow meter: Yellow

Answer 50

50-80%, asthma acting up, pt may need rescue med

Question 51

Peak flow meter: Red

Answer 51

<50%, pt needs med and needs medical attention