Exam 1 - week 1 Flashcards by Jennie Lorraine Miller

What is the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities?

public health

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What 3 things does public health do?

PROMOTE healthy lifestyles
PREVENT injury and disease
DETECT and RESPOND to disasters and disease outbreaks

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What is the working definition for the practice of public health?

10 essential services of public health

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What describes the public health activities that should be taken in all communities?

10 essential services of public health

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What serves as a basis for local health departments accreditation standards?

10 essential services of public health.

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What 2 terms are interchangeable?

populations and communities

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What do populations and communities have in common?

may live in the same geographic area.
may have shared characteristics –Age, race, ethnicity, religion, occupation, education, health status, disability, or sexual orientation
May live with a specific health problem

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What are aggregates?

groups within a population

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What is the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences

population health nursing

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what kind of prevention does PHN emphasize?

primary prevention

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What is the principle client in PHN?

populations

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What are the 3 practice settings of nurses in PHN?

Government
non-government –> community health centers, outpatient clinics, social service agencies, worksites, shelters, faith-based organizations, international organizations.
hospitals

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What is the Minnesota wheel?

intervention model for PHN

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What defines the scope of PHN?

Minnesota wheel

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What are the 3 levels of practice within the Minnesota wheel?

individual, communities, systems

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How many different interventions are in the Minnesota wheel?

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What are the PHN interventions?

Surveillance
Disease and health event investigation
Outreach
Screening
Case-finding
Referral and Follow-up
Case management
Delegated functions
Health teaching
Counseling
Consultation
Collaboration
Coalition-building
Community organizing
Advocacy
Social marketing
Policy development and enforcement

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What is a 10-year national agenda for improving the health of the entire US population?

Healthy people 2030

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What does the social determinants of health (SDOH) mean?

Impact of “place” on health: where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, & age

What does the SDOH entail?

social and physical environment

What do SDOH affect?

a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.

What can SDOH limit?

opportunities for good health choices

What are the 5 key domains for SDOH?

economic stability
education
social and community context
health and health care
neighborhood and built environment

What is the goal of addressing SDOH?

The goal of addressing SDOH is to support an equal opportunity to health
Create an environment where people can make good choices about their health and health care.

What are the range of factors that contribute to a person’s or populations health?

determinants of health

What are the 4 determinants of health?

1. biology and genetics 2. individual behavior 3. SDOH (social and environmental factors, health care)

What are the 4 stages in the natural history of disease?

1. stage of susceptibility. 2. stage of early subclinical disease 3. stage of clinical disease 4. stage of recovery or disability

What is the stage of susceptibility?

before the health problems exists

What is the stage of early subclinical disease?

Health problem exists in early stages where it is not recognized and/or treated.

What is the stage of clinical disease?

Established health problem with signs and symptoms requiring active treatment.

What is the stage of recovery and disability

Established health problem includes rehabilitation and terminal stages

What type of prevention targets conditions in the environment (SDOH) associated with disease?

primordial prevention

What type of prevention targets a disease before its onset?

primary prevention

What type of prevention targets an asymptomatic disease in order to detect and treat early enough to cure or prevent disability?

secondary prevention

What type of prevention targets an established and usually permanent health problem?

tertiary prevention

What are 3 examples of primordial prevention?

1. Advocacy: Lobbying for increased access to healthy foods options 2. Advocacy: Membership on a board or coalition advocating for a new shelter 3. Community organizing: Organizing a health career fair for high school students

What are 2 examples of primary prevention?

1. Designated functions: Most immunizations preventing communicable diseases (COVID vaccines) 2. Referral: Teeth sealants preventing teeth decay

What are 2 examples of secondary prevention?

1. Designated functions: TB skin tests/tx for latent TB infection preventing progression to TB disease (COVID Diagnostic Testing PRC or antigen ) 2. Screening: BP screening/treatment preventing damage to arteries, heart muscle and stroke

What are 2 examples of tertiary prevention?

1. Health teaching: Diabetes education | 2. Counseling: Support groups for people living with long term complications of COVID infection.

This program aims to “Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death”, which is one of the ____________. A. Public Health Interventions (Course Materials p8) B. 10 Essential Services (Course Materials p13) C. HP 2030 overarching goals (Course Materials p19) D. ANA Standards of Practice for Public Health Nursing (Course Materials p11)

HP 2030 overarching goals

``` Which stage in the natural history of Rx drug abuse does this program primarily intervene? A. Stage of Susceptibility B. Stage of Early Subclinical Disease C. Stage of Clinical Disease D. Stage of Recovery or Disability ```

D. stage of recovery or disability

``` Which level(s) of preventing RX drug abuse does this primarily address? A. Primordial B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary ```

D. Tertiary

Who was Lillian Wald?

Lillian D. Wald was a nurse, social worker, public health official, teacher, author, editor, publisher, woman’s rights activist, and the founder of American community nursing.

What was her contribution to public health?

1. COINED THE term “public health nurse.” 2. She believed that public health nurses must treat social and economic problems, not simply take care of sick people.

What was the focus of her work?

1. Wald pioneered public health nursing by placing nurses in public schools, and by helping found the National Organization for Public Health Nursing and Columbia University's School of Nursing. 2. The Visiting Nurse Service of New York, started by Wald at the Settlement, broke off as a separate entity in 1944.