Exam 1.6 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Selective Permeability.
The state, condition, or property of a material to allow the passage of molecules through it.
Describe the role of the lipid bilayer in selective permeability.
Keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be.
Describe the role of membrane proteins in selective permeability.
They act as transporters or channels for certain molecules.
Frictional interactions between the membrane molecules and the molecules of the solution.
Net Transport.
Passive Transport.
Type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.
Active Transport.
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Simple Diffusion.
Spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins (Passive Transport Process).
Facilitated Diffusion.
Molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with assistance from membrane proteins, such as channels (Passive Transport Process).
Filtration.
Movement of water and other molecules across the cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure generated by the cardiovascular system (Passive Transport Process).
Osmosis.
The net movement of a solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration. Liquid Only. (Passive Transport Process).
Primary Active Transport.
Directly uses chemical energy to transport all species of solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient (Active Transport Process).
Secondary Active Transport.
the transport of a solute in the direction of its increasing electrochemical potential coupled to the facilitated diffusion of a second solute in the direction of its decreasing electrochemical potential (Active Transport Process).
Define the different processes responsible for transport across the plasma membrane.
Diffusion & Osmosis.
Osmotic Pressure.
The pressure that must be applied to the solution side to stop fluid movement when a semipermeable membrane separates a solution from pure water.
Diffusion.
The net movement of molecules from an area where they are at a higher concentration to areas where they are at a lower concentration. Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
*Steps of Protein Synthesis.
Transcription: The process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence.
Translation: The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Transport Processes.
Active & Passive.
Cell Cycle.
A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.
Meiosis.
A process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
Stages of Meiosis (7).
Interphase (1), Prophase (1-2), Metaphase(1-2), Anaphase(1-2), Telophase(1-2), Cytokinesis (1), Interkinesis (2)
Stages of the Cell Cycle (4).
G1, S, G2, M.
