Exam

Question 1

Pathophysiology of Muscle weakness

Answer 1

Unable to generate sufficient tension in a muscle due to lack of motor units recruited

Question 2

What is muscle force dependent on

Answer 2

Number of motor units
Speed at which muscle force can be generated
Size/CSA of the muscle

Question 2

Treatment of muscle weakness

Answer 2

FES/NES and Biofeedback
Strength Training

Question 3

How does FES/NES and biofeedback help improve muscle strength

Answer 3

Doesn’t provide electrical stimulation to the brain, but instead provides feedback of when there is muscle activation, promoting the mind muscle connection for the pt

Question 4

How should strength training be applied for pt with a MMT <2

Answer 4

Train at mid range and gravity eliminated positions
Reduce friction (e.g hip flex/ext with a towel/skateboard)
Shorten lever
Manual guidance

Question 5

Pathophysiology of Ataxia

Answer 5

Unable to generate force in synergist muscles leading to increase in accurate movements

Question 6

Ways Ataxia can be presented

Answer 6

Problems initiating movement
Slowed movement time
Problems terminating a movement

Question 7

Secondary impairments of ataxia

Answer 7

MM strength

Question 8

Treatment of ataxia

Answer 8

Repetition of functional tasks
- Reaching for something in the cupboard
- Throwing a ball at a target
- Walking along a line

Question 9

Secondary impairments of muscle weakness

Answer 9

Dexterity
Swelling
Mechanical Insufficiency
Atrophy

Question 10

What is happening in pt with spasticity

Answer 10

Due to a decrease in inhibitory neurons (UMN Lesion), the muscles reflexes become overreactive.

The issue is present at the synapse

Question 11

What is clonus

Answer 11

Involuntary contraction caused by a sustained stretch of a muscle

Question 12

If the knee is passively extended, what muscle is expected to have clonus

Answer 12

Hamstring. It is the one that is being stretched

Question 13

How is spasticity presented

Answer 13

Velocity dependent
Clonus
Passive movement

Question 14

Secondary impairments of spasticity

Answer 14

Contracture
Weakness
Atrophy

Question 15

What is a contracture and what impairments is it usually seen in

Answer 15

Muscle can’t move into end of range due to the muscle length being shortened.

Spasticity

Question 16

Spasticity treatment

Answer 16

Medication – Baclofen
Physical – Exercise
Biomedical – Splints, Casts

Question 17

What is the difference between rigidity and spasticity

Answer 17

Spasticity is velocity dependent