Week 8 Masterclass

Question 1

What are the 4 joints in the shoulder

Answer 1

Glenohumeral
Acromioclavicular
Sternoclavicular
Scapulathoracic

Question 2

During elevation, how does the clavicle move

Answer 2

Rolls and moves inferiorly on the sternum

Question 3

During depression, how does the clavicle move

Answer 3

Rolls and moves superiorly on the sternum

Question 4

During retraction, how does the clavicle move

Answer 4

Rolls and moves posteriorly on the sternum

Question 5

During shoulder flexion, how does the scapula move

Answer 5

Scapula posteriorly tilts

Question 6

During shoulder extension, how does the scapula move

Answer 6

Scapula anteriorly tilts

Question 7

During shoulder abduction, how does the head of humerus move

Answer 7

Slides inferiorly due to pressure from the rotator cuff

Question 8

During shoulder adduction, how does the head of humerus move

Answer 8

Slides superiorly

Question 9

During ext and ER, how does the head of humerus move

Answer 9

slides anteriorly

Question 10

During flex and IR, how does the head of humerus move

Answer 10

Slides posteriorly

Question 11

How does the humerus and scapula work together to extend the glenohumeral joint

Answer 11

Humeral head slides anteriorly
Scapula tilts anteriorly

Question 12

What muscle keeps the head of the humerus compressed onto the glenod

Answer 12

Supraspinatus

Question 13

What is the role of the supraspinatus in the glenohumeral joint

Answer 13

keeps the head of the humerus compressed onto the glenod

Question 14

What would happen if the supraspinatus tears

Answer 14

The head of the humerus will rise during and as there is no force keeping it down

Question 15

What muscles in the rotator cuff ER and abd

Answer 15

Supraspinatus

Question 16

What muscles in the rotator cuff ER and add

Answer 16

Infraspinatus and Teres minor

Question 17

What muscles in the rotator cuff IR

Answer 17

Subscapularis

Question 18

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 18

2 degrees of abd = 1 deg of scapula upward rotation

Question 19

If the humerus is abducted at 40deg, how much upward rotation is seen in the scapula

Answer 19

20 degrees

Question 20

What is winging of the scapula

Answer 20

The scapular rises too early (scapula doesn’t rise in the first 30deg of abd)

Question 21

In a relaxed stance, how should the clavicle sit

Answer 21

relatively level from the sternum to shoulder

Question 22

What does it mean if someones clavicle is sloped downwards

Answer 22

Excessive activation of levator scapulae and rhomboids

Question 23

What does it mean is someones clavicle is sloped upwards

Answer 23

Excessive activation of upper traps

Question 24

In upward rotation of the scapula, what are the 3 muscles that assist in the movement

Answer 24

Upper Traps
serratus anterior
Lower part of traps

Question 25

In downward rotation of the scapula, what are the 3 muscles and actions that assist in the movement

Answer 25

Levator Scapulae Rhomboids Pectoralis Minor

Question 26

What causes SLAP lesions in the shoulder

Answer 26

Repetitive rotation e.g swimming, tennis etc.

Question 27

Shoulder pain prognosis

Answer 27

Not particularly favourable. Only 40-60% will recover within 12 months

Question 28

What type of shoulder injury are people under 40 more likely to present with

Answer 28

Glenohumeral instability

Question 29

What type of shoulder injury are older people more likely to present with

Answer 29

Reduced space in the subacromial space

Question 30

If someone hears a pop when moving their arm overhead and now struggles to abd, what is likely the injury

Answer 30

Proximal bicep tendon tear (long head)

Question 31

In someone who has frozen shoulder, how might they move

Answer 31

Cant move glenohumeral joint, only scapula. To abd arm they shift their entire body

Question 32

Is frozen shoulder a muscular or structural injury? what does this mean for PROM and AROM

Answer 32

Structural PROM = AROM

Question 33

What age demographic of people are more likely to have frozen shoulder? Why?

Answer 33

45+ Increased inflammatory markers

Question 34

What causes frozen shoulder

Answer 34

Inflammation and thickening of ligaments and capsule

Question 35

Impairments of frozen shoulder

Answer 35

Decreased abd and ER ROM Night pain

Question 36

If someone is suspected to have frozen shoulder, why should they get an x-ray

Answer 36

To rule out OA

Question 37

What type/grade of AC joint injury would have a step deformity present

Answer 37

Type 3

Question 38

Type 1-2 AC joint injury prognosis

Answer 38

4-6 weeks

Question 39

When should an AC joint is sent for Xray and what is being searched for

Answer 39

When there is a step deformity (type 3) and used to rule out clavicle fracture

Question 40

When should surgery be used to treat AC joint injury

Answer 40

If AC joint is type 3 (step deformity) it should be suggested Type 4+ surgery is required

Question 41

Is surgery beneficial for AC joint injury

Answer 41

Yes and no. It is likely that they will not 100% restore function after conservative treatment or surgery

Question 42

What is a SLAP tear in the shoulder

Answer 42

Bicep tendon tears labrum

Question 43

What does SLAP stand for in the shoulder complex

Answer 43

Superior Labral tear from Anterior to Posterior

Question 44

MOI Slap tear

Answer 44

Trauma: Fall onto the point of the shoulder or fall onto an outstretched arm with shoulder adducted or flexed Insidious: Excessive superior translation of the humeral head on the glenoid rim due to insufficient control by the rotator cuff muscles during repetitive overhead activities (e.g tennis serve, swimming, water polo)

Question 45

Differential diagnosis between AC sprain and SLAP tear

Answer 45

Step deformity in AC joint Pain location (deep in the shoulder vs pain on palpation) Pain in overhead movements (SLAP)