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Ecology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The expression of different phenotypic traits for a given genotype under different environmental conditions is referred to as

A

Developmental plasticity

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2
Q

The simplest response an individual organism can make toa change in an environmental conditions is to

A

Move to a more suitable location

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3
Q

Ecotype are variants within a species that are adapted to local environmental conditions

A

True

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4
Q

The ability of one genotype to give rise to different phenotypes under different environmental conditions is known as

A

Phenotypic plasticity

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5
Q

In populations of animals that defend an area for their own exclusive use or in plants that compete intensively for below ground resources such as water or nutrients, the spatial distribution of individuals is usually

A

Uniform

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6
Q

Immigration and emigration occur within a closed population

A

False!

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7
Q

An allele that completely masks the effect of another Allen is considered

A

Dominant

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8
Q

Species with type 3 survivorship curves experience extremely high mortality rates in early life

A

True!

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9
Q

Ecological density is a measure of the number of individuals per unit of available living space

A

True!

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10
Q

If more individuals move out of a forest than into it every year, the ____ rate is high

A

Emigration

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11
Q

Which of the following represents acclimation?

A

Marine lionfish are able to tolerate freshwater in estuaries

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12
Q

As predators feed on prey, prey abundance’s decrease over time. This is predicted to result in

A

Decrease in predator abundance

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13
Q

A systematic compilation of mortality and survival data fora population is called

A

Life table

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14
Q

Which of the following characteristics is an example of a qualitative trait?

A

Flower color

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15
Q

The Galapagos islands are innabitated by 13 species of Darwin’s finches that evolve from asingle species this is an example of

A

Adaptive radiation

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16
Q

Which of the following factors is most likely to be a density-independent regulator of population growth?

A

Brought

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17
Q

The length of a butterfly tongue perfectly matches the nectar tubecf a flower it pokinates. This is an example of

A

Coevolution

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18
Q

A populations density is calculated as the

A

Number of individuals per unit area

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19
Q

Density-dependent population regulation occurs only at high population density

A

False!

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20
Q

Predation always has a negative effect on the individual prey

A

True!

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21
Q

The probability of survival death usually varies with age.

A

True!

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22
Q

Changes due to developmental plasticity are reversible

A

False!

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23
Q

Which of the following equations reflects the exponential model of population growth?

A

dN(t)=N(0)r t

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24
Q

A transgenic organism is one that

A

Has received genetic information from another organism

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25
The demographic age pyramid of a rapid growing population is
Wide at the base, narrow at the top
26
The specific traits of a particular organism enabling it to survive grow reproduce within a given environment are called
Adaptations
27
The k in the term k-strategist refers to
Carrying capacity
28
When the conditions are favorable for a population at low density, such as species colonies a new environment, population growth is typically
Exponential
29
An individual evolves during its lifetime
False!
30
A population that is increasing in size has an intrinsic rate of population growth(r) that is
>0
31
Which model of population growth would you employ if reproduction occurs in discrete time periods rather than being contionous?
Geometric
32
The mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin in the origin of species is
Natural selection
33
Geographic isolates of a particular species that differs from other populations byone or more characteristics are considered to be
Subspecies
34
Parasitoidism is a form of mutualism
False
35
A trade off for having many offspring would be
That they would be small in size
36
Which of the following is not a feature of a population
Number of species
37
Species that r-strategists are usually larger than those that are k-strategists
False
38
If survival rates do not vary with age, as in many species of perennial plants, reptiles, adult birds, and rodents survivorship curves are typically
Type 2
39
In logistic growth the point at which population growth ceases is referredto as the
Carry capacity
40
If a population has an allele frequency of 1.0 you would say that
Genetic variation of that allele is low
41
The gene pool refers to all the genetic information within a
Population
42
_____ can restrict the fundamental niche
Competition
43
Which populations are at great risk for extinction
Very small ones
44
In a population with aq allele frequency of 0. 6 what would the frequency of allele p be?
.4
45
______ is phenotypic plasticity in response to current environment conditions that is reversible
Acclimation
46
Inbreeding is usually beneficial to a population because it increases genetic diversity
False!
47
______ is a change in allele frequency (may also change genotype frequencies) as a result of random chance.
Genetic drift
48
_______ results in increasing of homozygosity at all genes.
Inbreeding
49
If birds with larger beaks are favored by the environment it is likely that _____ selection will occur.
Directional
50
Traits that have a continuous distribution are known as
Quantitate traits
51
Which of the following is a density-independent factor?
Weather event
52
When the relationship between two interacting species is detrimental to the population of both species, the interaction is referred to as
Competition
53
According to Hardy Weinberg principle, which of the following must be true for gene frequencies in a population to remain the same?
Mating is random
54
Peter and Rosemary Grant are known for their work on
Darwin's finches
55
The _______ of many insects is affected by the temperature during development
Body color
56
The alternate form of a gent are called
Alleles
57
Squirrels tend to have larger body sizes at higher latitudes this could be an example of
A Cline
58
In a parasitic relationship between two species, the host species usually dies
False!
59
The movement of genes between populations is referred to as
Gene flow
60
Reproductive success of an organism is best measured by its
Number of offspring that survive and reproduce
61
The color of a flower is controlled by 2 alternative alleles at asingle locus,R red, dominant and r (white recessive) if an individual has theRr alleles, it is considered to be
Heterozygous with a red color
62
The carrying capacity refers to the
Max sustainable population size of the prevailing environment.
63
The influence of density -independent factors on populations is generally less predictable than the influence of density-dependent factors
True!
64
As the population of the predator increases, the
Population of the prey decreases
65
_______ selection occurs when the mean phenotype has higher fitness than the phenotypes at either end of the distribution
Stabilizing
66
What is the primary original source of genetic variation in a population?
Mutation
67
Measurements of bill length in a population of seed-eating birds reveals 2 distinct groups; small-billed individuals feeding on soft-shelled seeds and large-billed individuals feeding on hard-shelled seeds. This bimodal distribution most likely resulted from
Disruptive selection
68
The fitness of an individual is measured by
The proportionate contribution it makes to future generations.
69
The _____ refers to the alleles present at each gene within an organism's genome
Genotype
70
Highly variable or unpredictable environments likely favora ______ reproduction strategy.
Semelparity
71
In the hardy-weinberg equation p+h+q=1, what does q represent
Frequency of recessive homozygous
72
If I infant mortality rates are declining how can the overall population growth rate slow down?
Decreased reproductive output
73
Identical twin raccoons are raised in different environments and yet behave very differently. This is an example of
The norm of reaction
74
______ is the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population
Dispersion
75
Under which of the following conditions would genetic drift exert the greatest influence?
A very small population
76
Which of the following interactions would be considered predation?
+-
77
The _____ niche refers to the environmental conditions under which a species can survive and reproduce
Fundamental
78
The effect of positive assortative mating is to
Reduces heterozygosity at the loci that affect mate choice
79
No population continues to grow in size indefinitely
True!
80
When the trunk or limb of a tree provides the substrate on which an epiphytic orchid grows, the arrangement benefits the orchid, which get nutrients from the air and moisture from aerial roots, while the tree is unaffected, The relationship is referred toas
Commensalism

Ecology (3 decks)

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