Exam 3

Question 1

Owl species A has a carrying capacity of 2000, while another owl species B has a carrying capacity of 200. What is the logic conclusion of this?

Answer 1

Species B uses more resources per individual

Question 2

In urbanization, most species are lost due to habitat alteration.

Answer 2

True!

Question 3

Defending a territory can mean exclusive access to all of the following except?

Answer 3

Predators

Question 4

Which of the following nas the highest species richness? A community with

Answer 4

36 species with very low evens

Question 5

Most predators grow slowly in comparison to their prey

Answer 5

True!

Question 6

____ is a type of auto communication

Answer 6

When a signal is transmitted and sent back to the sender (bats)

Question 7

_____ is when an animal hides food Ina central location.

Answer 7

Hoarding (?)

Question 8

Reciprocal altruism is a type of mutualism where benefits may be delayed.

Answer 8

True!

Question 9

Operant conditioning is also known as _______ learning.

Answer 9

Associated learning

Question 10

When a species of bird preys upon the seeds of a plant and favors the smallest seeds,

Answer 10

Natural selection favors individual plants that produces the largest seeds

Question 11

Ants using pheromone. Trails is a type of _______ communication

Answer 11

Chemical

Question 12

The relationship between nectar-producing flowers and nectar-feeding birds is a mutually beneficial interaction.

Answer 12

True!

Question 13

As a predator feed on prey, prey abundance decreases over time. This is predicted to result in a

Answer 13

Decrease in predator abundance

Question 14

The range of physical and chemical conditions under each species can persist (surviveand reproduce) and the array of essential resources it utilizes are referred toas its ecological _____

Answer 14

Niche

Question 15

In a rank-abundance curve comparing 2 communities, the community with the greater species richness is characterized bya ______

Answer 15

Greater length of the curve and a more gradual slope

Question 16

In a graph that plots prey population (nprey) on the xaxis against the number of predator offspring produced per unit of time on the y axis, the slope represents the

Answer 16

Efficiency with which food is converted into predator population growth or reproduction

Question 17

_______ is the coordinate response of living organisms to internal and external stimuli

Answer 17

Regulation

Question 18

Urbanization impacts

Answer 18

Most species negatively but a few positively..

Question 19

An organism that feeds on plants or algal tissues is referred to as a

Answer 19

Herbivore

Question 20

Dishonest communication occurs when the sender and receiver have common interests.

Answer 20

False!

Question 21

Which statement best describes a keystone species?

Answer 21

A rare or uncommon species that has a strong effect on its community.

Question 22

As 2 competitive species approach their respective carrying capacities, the growth rate of the other species

Answer 22

Slows down

Question 23

Parasitiodism is a form of mutualism

Answer 23

True

Question 24

______ signals function in affilative and aggressive interactions

Answer 24

?

Question 25

What might be a result of hunting sea otters to extinction for their fur?

Answer 25

Loss of kelp beds

Question 26

Fixed action patterns are learned behaviors

Answer 26

False

Question 27

A________ approach to ethology normally involves the generation of a predictive mathematical model.

Answer 27

Theoretical

Question 28

Adaptive radiation is often the result of

Answer 28

Resource competition

Question 29

Carnivores can have an indirect, positive effect on plants by reducing populations of herbivores.

Answer 29

True!

Question 30

Aquarium fish often swim to the waters surface whena person approaches. Their benavior has probably formed through

Answer 30

Classical conditioning

Question 31

When the interaction is detrimental to the population of both species it is referred toas

Answer 31

Competition

Question 32

The length of a butterfly tongue perfectly matches the nectar tube of a flower it pollinates. This is an example of

Answer 32

Coevolution

Question 33

People who move into an apartment near railroad tracks are awakened at night each time they hear a train go by. After about a week, they can sleepthrough the night, even though the train continues to run at the same time. This is

Answer 33

Habituation

Question 34

In a simple experiment involving only predator and prey with no refuge,

Answer 34

Predators will typically drive. Their prey to extinction.

Question 35

Taste aversion is considered a learned behavior

Answer 35

False!

Question 36

The process in which an animal stops responding to a repeated stimulus Is called

Answer 36

Habituation

Question 37

A true predator is a species that

Answer 37

Kills its prey more orless immediately upon capture

Question 38

Which is the most dominant species

Answer 38

Largest in number, highest in relative abundance, most relative biomass

Question 39

The species within a community interact with one another either directly or indirectly

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What's the difference between a parasite and a parasitoid?

Answer 40

A parasitold typically kills the host

Question 41

The net outcome of predator -prey interactions in the basic lotka-volterra model is that

Answer 41

Predator and prey populations oscillate with each predictably increasing and decreasing in response to the other

Question 42

The removal of a keystone species from a community typically results in a n increase of diversity

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Predication always has a negative effect on the individual prey

Answer 43

True

Question 44

A young chimp watching her mother crack nuts with a rock is considered __ ___ learning.

Answer 44

Observational

Question 45

When one species feeds on another prey species, typically killing it, the relationship between the two interacting species is referred to as

Answer 45

Predation

Question 46

A species of cattail inhabits both deep and shallow water in the absence of a competitor but only shallow water in the presence of it. This is an example of

Answer 46

A realized niche

Question 47

The process whereby one species gives rise to several others that exploits different features of the environment is known as

Answer 47

Adaptive radiation

Question 48

What might happen over time if 2 bird species competed for the same seed resource and one preferred larger seeds while the other species preferred smaller ones?

Answer 48

Beak sizes might shift over time

Question 49

An organisms realized niche is always smaller than it's fundamental niche

Answer 49

False!

Question 50

Any change in which a behavior is altered as a result of experience is called

Answer 50

Learning

Question 51

Which of the following values of evenness represents a completely even distribution?

Answer 51

1

Question 52

When the trunk or limb of a tree provides the substrate on which an epiphytic orchid grows, the arrangement benefits the orchid, which get nutrients from the air and moisture from aerial roots, while the tree is unaffected The relationship is referred to as

Answer 52

Commensalism

Question 53

You could conclude that a behavior is innate rather than learned if you showed that

Answer 53

All individuals perform the behavior the same way each time

Question 54

This type of communication works well in the presence of light and the absence of obstacles

Answer 54

Visual

Question 55

Humming birds are attracted to red flowers with long tubes. What might you predict would happen to flowers it humming birds became the predominant species on a remote island?

Answer 55

Flowers would become gradually more red.

Question 56

In a parasitic relationship between 2 species, the host species usually dies

Answer 56

False

Question 57

Scavengers and decomposes are considered true predators

Answer 57

False

Question 58

Learned cache retrieval involves _________ memory.

Answer 58

Episodic and spatial

Question 59

In comparison to desert habitats urban landscapes on average have a

Answer 59

Lower # of bird species

Question 60

Operant conditioning is type of _________ learning.

Answer 60

Associative

Question 61

The amount of time an organism spends foraging must be balanced against other time constraints, such as defense, avoiding predators, starching for mates, or caring for young.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

A_______ is a group of species inhabiting. | A given area and interacting either directly or indirectly.

Answer 62

Community

Question 63

If a dog barks when indoors is always let outside immediately it will learn quickly to bark whenever it wants to go outside. This change in the dogs behavior is an example of

Answer 63

Classical conditioning

Question 64

An ecological niche is typically _______ dimensional

Answer 64

Multi

Question 65

Living in large groups provides some prey species refuge from predation.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

What would be the best way foran animal to communicate its ownership of an areas' resources to other individuals that visit the area when the owner is not around?

Answer 66

Mark the boundaries of the area with urine

Question 67

The form and structure of terrestrial communities are defined more by the plants than the animals present

Answer 67

True!

Question 68

When an ecologist compares the diversity of different communities by counting the number of species within each community the measure of diversity being used is called

Answer 68

Species richness

Question 69

_________ is when an animal hides food at several location in their home range.

Answer 69

Scatter hoarding

Question 70

When one species reduces or adversely affects the population of another, but the affected species has no influence in return, the relationship is referred to as _______.

Answer 70

Amensalism

Question 71

Insight is a form of behavior that

Answer 71

Is preformed correctly without any previous experience.

Question 72

When each of 2 species benefits from their interaction, the relationship Is referred tor as ______.

Answer 72

Mutualism

Question 73

Convolution between predator and prey suggests

Answer 73

As predators become smarter at catching prey, prey will become smarter at escaping predation.

Question 74

As the population of a predator increases, the

Answer 74

Population of the prey species decreases.

Question 75

A parasitoid

Answer 75

Attacks the host indirectly by laying its eggs in or on the preys body.

Question 76

_______ causes of behavior focus on immediate causes.

Answer 76

Proximate

Question 77

An _______ approach to ethology entails gathering data from observation and experiment

Answer 77

Empirical

Question 78

_______ occurs when 2 species undergo reciprocal evolutionary change through natural selection.

Answer 78

Coevolution