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Functional Anatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

iliofemoral

A

largest, inverted Y, superior and inferior fibers

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2
Q

iliofemoral limits

A

extension, abduction, adduction

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3
Q

pubofemoral

A

reinforcement of inferior capsule

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4
Q

pubofemoral limits

A

extension, abduction

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5
Q

ischiofemoral

A

reinforces ischium, femoral neck, winds around (posterior - anterior)

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6
Q

ischiofemoral most tight in

A

extension

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7
Q

ischiofemoral helps relax in

A

flexion

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8
Q

ischiofemoral

A

limits hyperextension and internal rotation

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9
Q

iliopsoas
O
I
A
N

A

iliac fossa, anterior lateral T12-L5
lesser trochanter of femur
hip flexion
femoral nerve L2,L3

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10
Q

rectus femoris
O
I
A
N

A

anterior inferior iliac spine
tibial tuberosity
hip flexion, knee extension
femoral nerve L2-L4

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11
Q

rectus femoris is the

A

only quad that crosses hip

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12
Q

tensor fascia lata has a short ____ and ________that feeds in IT band

A

muscle belly and long tendon

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13
Q

tensor fascia lata
O
I
A
N

A

anterior superior iliac spine
lateral tibial condyle
hip flexion, abduction, internal rotation
superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

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14
Q

sartorious
O
I
A
N

A

anterior superior iliac spine
proximal media tibia
hip flexion, abduction, external rotation, knee flexion
femoral nerve L2-L3

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15
Q

sartorius cross the knee

A

anterior to posterior

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16
Q

gluteus maximus is the biggest

A

hip extensor - feeds in IT band

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17
Q

gluteus maximus
O
I
A
N

A

posterior sacrum and ilium
posterior femur- distal to greater trochanter
hip extension, hyperextension, external rotation
inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2

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18
Q

Hamstrings
O
I
A
N

A

ischial tuberosity
semimembranous/ semitendinous: medial tibia
biceps femoris: fibular head
hip extension, knee flexion
sciatic nerve L5-S2

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19
Q

Gluteus Medius
O
I
A
N

A

lateral surface of ilium
lateral greater trochanter
hip abduction
superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

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20
Q

gluteus medius is the primary

A

abductor, largest and strongest

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21
Q

gluteus minimus
O
I
A
N

A

lateral surface of ilium
anterior greater trochanter
hip abduction, internal rotation
superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

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22
Q

Pectineus
O
I
A
N

A

superior pubic ramus
pectinial line of femur
hip adduction, hip flexion
femoral nerve L2-L3

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23
Q

pectineus is the most ____ adductor

A

superior

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24
Q

adductor longus brevis and magnus
O
I
A
N

A

pubis, ischium
medial femur, adductor tubercle
hip adduction
obturator nerve L2-L4
magnus- sciatic nerve

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25
Gracilis is the only hip adductor is that a
2 joint muscle (hip & knee)
26
gracilis O I A N
pubis anterior proximal medial tibia hip adduction, knee flexion obturator nerve L2-L3
27
Lateral Rotators O I A N
sacrum, ischium, pubis greater trochanter external rotation obturator nerve
28
lateral rotators are
piriforms obturator internus and externus gemellus superior and inferior quadratus femoris gluteus maximus sartorius
29
medial rotators are
tensor fascia lata adductors abductors
30
open chain hip arthrokinematics lower exteremity free
femur on acetablum convex on concave (open chain)
31
closed chain hip artrokinematics lower extremity fixed
acetablum moves on femur concave on convex (closed chain)
32
hip flexion is
120
33
hip extension is
30
34
hip abduction is
45
35
hip adduction is
30
36
lateral and medial hip rotation is
45
37
pelvic osteokinematics is in the ____ axis
frontal
38
hip free is in the ____ direction
opposite
39
hip fixed is in the ____ direction
same
40
pelvic anterior / posterior tilt like flex/ext
anterior translation tilt posterior translation tilt
41
pelvic lateral tilt elevation vs depression with
hip abduction/ adduction
42
pelvic rotation anterior / posterior
like hip medial/ lateral rotation
43
lumbopelvic rhythm increases
ROM and occurs in all directions
44
knee is a
synovial, uniaxial
45
the hip is a
ball and socket triaxial
46
the fibula is
NWB
47
Q angle is
13-19 degrees
48
knee joint is
double condyloid joint like flex / ext
49
wb of knee is
45% body weight
50
increased Q angle is the
genu valgum
51
patellofemoral joint convex concave
patella intercondylar/ femoral groove
52
the bursa helps with
shock absorption, protect tendon from fraying, friction reduction
53
terrible triaid
MCL, ACL, medial meniscus
54
popliteal ligaments oblique arcuate
semimembranous 80% popliteus muscle
55
iliotibial band is
thickening of fascia anterolateral knee connects patella
56
Pes Anserinus
gracilis sartorius semitendinous
57
ACL helps with
tibia being ripped with hyperextension injury
58
ACL restricts
extension, medial / lateral rotation
59
Lateral Collateral ligaments restricts
varus stress
60
medial collateral ligament
restrict valgus stress
61
posterior cruciate
restricts too much flex/ ext
62
pes anserinus bursa motion
knee flexion and adduction
63
hamstrings are strongest
knee flexor
64
coxal bone
ilium ischium pubis acetabulm
65
acetabulum has the labrum which is
femoral head to keep in socket
66
pelvis
iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine pubis ischial tuberosity
67
most stable hip joint
flexion abduction external rotation
68
sacrum connects
R&L coxal bone
69
femur inclination is between
femoral neck and shaft
70
the femoral shaft ___ in inclination
adducts
71
iliopsoas anterior helps the joint
capsule
72
normal inclination
125
73
infant inclination
150
74
elderly inclination
120
75
coxa valga
increase in angle
76
coxa vara
decrease in angle
77
coxa valga- decreased hip stability, exposed to
dislocation
78
coxa vara- increased hip stability exposed to
fractures
79
coxa valga is more
abduction
80
coxa vara is more
adduction
81
femoral torsion
femoral shaft rotates medially, head of femur is anterior is condyles
82
femoral torsion of adults
15 degrees
83
femoral torsion of infants
40 degrees
84
anteversion is increase in angle with
toe in dislocations
85
retro version is decrease in angle with
toe out increased hip stability
86
WB structure
pelvic trabeculae femoral trabeculae zone of weakness (fractures)
87
hip joint does
flex / ex ab /add in/ ex rotation
88
biceps femoris O I A N
long head: ischial tuberosity short head: linea aspera of femur fibular head knee flexion, long head- hip extension long head- sciatic S1-S2, short head- common fibular L5-S2
89
semimembranous O I A N
ischial tuberosity posterior medial condyle of tibia hip extension, knee flexion sciatic nerve L5-S2
90
Semitendinous O I A N
ischial tuberosity anterior proximal medial tibia hip extension, knee flexion sciatic nerve L5-S2
91
gastrocnemius O I A N
medial and lateral femoral condyles posterior calcaneus knee flexion ankle plantarflexion tibial nerve S1,S2
92
Plantaris O I A N
posterior lateral femoral condyles posterior calcaneus knee flexion, ankle planatrflexion tibial nerve S1-S2
93
Gracilis O I A N
pubis anterior proximal medial tibia knee flexion, hip adduction obturator nerve L2-L3
94
sartorius O I A N
anterior superior iliac spine anterior proximal medial tibia knee flexion hip flexion abduction external rotation femoral nerve L2,L3
95
quadriceps femoris is improved by
patella - force production by quads
96
articularis genu
quads contract knee extension pulls up on joint capsule prevent pinching
97
primary knee flexor is
quadriceps femoris
98
popliteus is
internal rotation of tibia
99
popliteus initates
knee flexion
100
rectus femoris O I A N
anterior inferior iliac spine tibial tuberosity knee extension, hip flexion femoral nerve L2-L4
101
vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius O I A N
linea aspera and anterior femur tibial tuberosity knee extension femoral nerve L2-L4
102
VMO
vastus medialis oblique
103
screw home mechanism- knee locking
rolling and gliding of femur on tibia lateral- locked medial- keeps going tibia is externally rotated bc medial is larger
104
lateral movement ends at
20 degrees knee flexion
105
interminal extension
ligaments taut, bones are in maximum congruence, joint is locked
106
close pack position
knee extension - unlocking of popliteus required
107
knee extension distal segment free distal segment fixed
tibia moves anterior on femur femur moves anterior on tibia
108
patella movement in knee extension
superiorly
109
normal ROM of extension
0 degrees
110
hyperextension ROM
10 degrees
111
hyperextension is also called
genu recurvatum
112
knee flexion distal segment free distal segment fixed
tibia moving posterior on femur femur moving posterior on tibia
113
knee flexion patella moves
inferiorly
114
normal ROM of knee flexion
135 degrees
115
Knee distal segment free moves in
same direction- tibia- femur
116
Knee distal segment fixed moves in
opposite direction femur - tibia
117
full flexion is in the
center of condyles
118
full extension is in the
superiorly and posteriorly 2cm
119
hip flexion
increase knee flexion decrease knee extension
120
hip extension
increase knee extension decrease knee flexion
121
ROM of ambulation
60 degrees
122
ROM of Stair Climbing
80 degrees
123
ROM sitting in chair
90 degrees
124
ROM advanced mobility activities
115 degrees
125
patellar gliding mechanism
sesamoid bone within quadriceps tendon flexion- in extension- out
126
flexion to extension the patella til it’s
medially
127
extension to flexion patella
tilts laterally increased quad contract & patellar compression - excessive lateral patellar tracking
128
genu valgum
knock knee
129
genu varum
bow leg
130
genu recurvatum
hyperextension
131
patella alta
patella shifts higher patellar compression
132
lateral patellar shift
instability and arthrosis
133
patella baja
patella shifts lower
134
ankle is a ____ joint but _____ plane
uniaxial triplanar
135
ankle and foot osteology
tibia fibula talus calcaneus navicular cuboid cuneiforms- medial, middle, lateral
136
talonavicular joint
talus navicular anterior subtalar capsule
137
ligaments of ankle
spring short plantar long plantar plantar aponeurosis
138
ankle joints are
tarsometatarsal metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal
139
intrinsic foot muscles dorsal
extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallicus brevis
140
intrinsic foot muscles plantar
4 layers strong dynamic cannot palpate
141
plantarflexion tib fib shaft moves
posteriorly
142
plantarflexion fibula moves
inferiorly rotates medially
143
ROM plantarflexion is
50 degrees
144
Dorsiflexion is
20 degrees ROM affected by knee position
145
inversion - medial foot motion joint accommodates
ground and weight
146
ROM inversion is
35 degrees
147
Eversion- lateral motion of foot joint accommodates
ground and weight
148
ROM eversion is
15 degrees
149
pronation movements are
dorsiflexion and eversion
150
in pronation ____ ligaments can become lax and to correct strengthen _________ and ______
spring triceps surae and posterior tibialis
151
supination motions are
plantarflexion and inversion
152
supination increases lateral weight adhd stress and to correct strengthen
triceps surae and posterior tibialis
153
arches enable foot to change from
flexible to rigid structure during each step
154
arches mature around age
5
155
medial longitudinal arch is
longest and highest
156
arches of foot are
medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch
157
the arches have ____ components and ______ support
bony ligamentous
158
the talus is forced to rotate by
subtalar components below it
159
the subtalar components carry ____ joint with it
Motrice
160
WB pronation
calcaneal abduction talar adduction tibia fibula into medial rotation
161
WB Supination
Calcaneal adduction talar abduction tibia/ fibula into lateral rotation
162
Pes Planus is
flat foot Wb flattens foot
163
Pes Cavus is
club foot Wb on lateral foot
164
pes planus has excessive
pronation and eversion of foot
165
pes cavus has excessive
supination and inversion of foot
166
pes planus medial longitudinal and transverse arches are
depressed
167
pes cavus has decreased
shock absorbency
168
pes equinus
weight born on ball of foot tight triceps surae
169
pes calcaneus
weight born on heel dorsiflexion / evertor tightness
170
plantar fasciitis
stress to plantar aponeurosis
171
plantar aponeurosis
instructions muscle weakness increased load on osseoligamnetous arches mal alignment of foot leg and ankle
172
subtalar (calcaneal) eversion leads to
pronated foot inferior calcaneus abducted talus addycts and tilts inferiorly leg medially rotates
173
subtalar (calcaneal) inversion leads to
supinated foot inferior calcaneus adducted talus abducts and tilts superiorly leg laterally rotates
174
Open chain causes the foot to ______ during dorsiflexion
abduct
175
Open chain causes the foot to ______ during plantarflexion
adduct
176
closed chain causes the foot to ______ during plantarflexion. it laterally rotates.
abduct
177
closed chain causes the foot to ______ during dorsiflexion. it medially rotates.
adduct
178
inversion and eversion occur around _____ axis
oblique
179
subtalar is a ____ synovial joint with ___ degree of freedom
plane 1
180
inferior tibiofibular joint is a ______ joint between concave tibia and convex fibula. no joint capsule
syndesmosis
181
superior tibiofibular joint has joint capsule
head of fibula and posterior lateral aspect of fibula
182
transverse tarsal joint is made up up ____ and ________
talus and calcaneus articulating with navicular and cuboid
183
inversion ____ with supination and plantar flexion
adducts
184
eversion _____ with pronation and dorsiflexion
abducts
185
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion occur at the _____ joint
talocrual
186
inversion and eversion occur at the _____ and _______ tarsal joints
subtalar transverse
187
long plantar ligament supports the ____ _________ arch
lateral longitudinal
188
short and long plantar ligaments are supported by ____ _______
plantar fascia
189
instrinsics will provide _____ support than extrinsics
more
190
soleus only ________ ankle
plantarflexes
191
hammer toe PIP is ____ and DIP is _____
flexed extended
192
mallet toe PIP is ______ DIP is ____
extended flexed
193
claw toe has ____ PIP and DIP
flexed
194
turf toe is caused by forced _____ of the great toe at MTP joint
hyperextension
195
_______/ inversion sprains are the most common in the ankle
lateral
196
plantar fascitis
pain in heel , where fascia attaches to calcaneus
197
achilles tendon is the ______ _______tendon
gastrocnemius- soleus
198
triple arthritis is involves fusing of ___________,__________,________
talocalcaneal calcaneocuboid talonavicular ^ inversion and eversion at ankle are lost
199
ROM affected by knee position has to get to neutral first or a ____ insufficiency will happen of ______
passive gastrocnemius
200
Plantar Flexion talocrual open chain (convex on concave) osteo: talus is moving _____ on tib fib arthro: talus is moving ______ on tib fib
posterior anterior
201
Dorsiflexion Talocrual Open Chain Osteo: Talus is moving ______ and ______ on tib fib Arthro: Talus is moving _______ and _______ on tib fib
anterior and superior posterior and inferior
202
open chain in ankle is in the ______ direction
opposite
203
closed chain of ankle is in the _____ direction
same
204
talocrual closed chain osteo: tib fib moving ____ and ______ on talus arthro: tib fib moving ______ and _____ on talus
anterior and superiorly
205
inversion and eversion subtalar talus is _____ and calcaneus is _____
concave convex
206
inversion- calcaneus is moving _____ on talus
medially
207
eversion- calcaneus is moving _______ on talus
laterally
208
plantarflexion has ____ movement when vice is not there dorsiflexion has ____ movement when vice is not there __________ is more restricted
more more dorsiflexion
209
extensor digitorum brevis helps neutralize ________ and _________
inversion and dorsiflexion
210
extensor digitorum brevis is extension of _____
digits 2-5
211
extensor hallicus brevis is extension of ______
great toe
212
extensor hallicus longus primary action is ______ and assists with ______,_______
extension of toes dorsiflexion, inversion
213
instrinic is in ____ while extrinsic is in _____
foot ankle
214
anterior tibialis primary action is ankle __________ and assist with ankle ____
dorsiflexion inversion
215
fibularis longus primary action _____ and assists with ________ and depresses 1st metatarsal
eversion plantarflexion
216
fibularis brevis primary action is ______and assists with _________
everter plantar flexion
217
anterior tibialis O I A N
lateral tibia and interosseous membrane 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal ankle dorsiflexion and inversion deep fibular nerve L4-S1
218
Extensor Hallucis Longus O I A N
fibula and interosseous membrane distal phalanx of great toe great toe extension , dorsiflexion and inversion deep fibular never L4-S1
219
Extensor Digitorum Longus O I A N
fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia distal phalanx of 2-5 extension of digits 2-5, dorsiflexion, inversion deep fibular nerve L4-S1
220
which muscle do you push off with?
fibularis longus
221
Fiblauris Brevis O I A N
lateral distal fibula 5th metatarsal eversion and plantar flexion superficial fibular nerve L4-S1
222
Fibularis Longus O I A N
lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane plantar surface of first cuneiform and first metatarsal eversion and plantarflexion superficial fibularis nerve L4-S1
223
flexor digitorum longus / flexor hallucis longus primary action _______ secondary action is ankle _________ and _______
flexion of toes plantarflexion and inversion
224
Flexor Hallucis Longus O I A N
posterior fibula and interosseous membrane distal phalanx of great toe flexion of big toe, ankle plantarflexion, inversion tibial nerve L5-S1
225
Flexor Digitorum Longus O I A N
posterior tibia distal phalanx of digits 2-5 flexion of toes 2-5, ankle plantarflexion and inversion tibial nerve L5-S1
226
triceps surae (gastro and soleus ) insertion ______ action _________
calcaneal tuberosity supination , ankle plantarflexion and inversion
227
plantaris O I A N
posterior lateral femoral condyle posterior calcaneus ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion tibial nerve L4-S1
228
posterior tibialis O I A N
interosseous membrane and proximal tibia and fibula plantar surface of navicular cuneiforms and metatarsals ankle plantarflexion and inversion tibial nerve L5-S1
229
posterior tibialis action ______ and assists ______. Arch supports _____ aspect
inversion plantarflexion medial
230
triceps surae soleus O I A N
posterior tibia and fibula posterior calcaneus ankle plantarflexion tibial nerve S1-S2
231
triceps surae gastrocnemius O I A N
medial head: medial femoral condyle lateral head: lateral femoral condyle posterior calcaneus knee flexion ankle plantarflexion tibial nerve S1-S2
232
hind foot is ________and ____
calcaneus talus
233
mid foot is ________ , _____ , _________
navicular cuboid cuneiforms
234
forefoot is _________ and ________
metatarsals and phalanges
235
which ligament is most common injured
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
236
anterior talofibular ligament is ______ and _______
inversion and plantar flexion
237
concave metatarsals convex head
DIP Distal interphalangeal joint PIP Proximal interphalangeal joint
238
Cuneiforms- Navicular Medial- __& __ Metatarsal Middle- __ metatarsal Lateral- __ &__ Metatarsals/ cuboid
1 and 2 2 3rd and 4th
239
metatarsals are all _____joints
synvoial
240
tibia is _______to talus navicular is _______to talus calcaneal is _______to talus
proximal distal inferior
241
calcaneus is 1st largest, talus is 2nd came out has ______ _____ which cause bone spurs
calcaneal tuberosity
242
where talus sits is the __________ which is triplanar
sustectaculum tali
243
cuboid is _____ with navicular talus is_______ with navicular cuneiforms are ______ with navicular
laterally proximal my distally
244
calcaneus is ____ to cuboid navicular is _______ to cuboid
posterior medial
245
metatarsal 3,4,5 are ______ to cuneiforms
distally
246
interosseous membrane is ___ ______ but helps keep bones together
not synovial
247
talocrual is in charge of _________and _________
plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
248
Talocrual concave : Talocrual convex: capsule allows more motion _______ & ______
distal tibia and fibula talus anterior and posterior
249
Talocrual ligaments medial- lateral-
deltoid anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular
250
Talocrual Osteokinematics dorsiflexion is ______ plantarflexion is _____and ______
superior inferior and posterior
251
Talocrual Arthrokinematics dorsiflexion- plantarflexion-
posterior and inferior anterior
252
subtalar joint is _____ and _______
inversion and eversion
253
what tells your feet where they are at in space?
reciprocal facets
254
ligaments for subtalar are
talocalcaneal ligament interosseous ligament
255
osteokinematics of subtalar foot ——- joint surface ______
medially laterally
256
Subtalar arthrokinematics rotates under talus foot/ heel- joint surface-
foot / heel laterally joint surface medially
257
talonavicular joint is ______ (talus , navicular, anterior subtalar capsule)
synovial
258
calcaneocuboid joint is ______ (calcaneus, cuboid)
lateral
259
Spring ligament is the ____ and calcaneus articulates with navicular
deltoid
260
short plantar ____ supporter of talus
medially
261
long plantar articulates with calcaneus-cuboid-3-5 metatarsals
262
plantar aponeurosis is plantar ____ calcaneus - proximal phalanges
fascia
263
osteokinematics inversion and supination foot moves arch
medially raises
264
arthrokinematics of inversion and supination Navicular , cuboid _____ on talus, calcaneus
medially
265
eversion and pronation arthrokinematics navicular, cuboid _____ on talus , calcaneus
laterally
266
osteokinematics of eversion and pronation foot moves ____ arch _____
laterally lowers
267
tarsometatarsal joint does which motions? ( cuneiforms- metatarsals )
flexion / extension tilt/ rotate
268
metatarsophalangeal does which motions? (phalanges)
flexion / extension abduction/ adduction
269
interphalangeal does which motion? (dip and pip)
flexion/ extension
270
anterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament are all ______ fibula and _______ sprains
lateral (inversion sprains)
271
deltoid and spring ligament are _____
medial
272
spring ligament supports the ____ and runs from ______ to _______
talus calcaneus to navicular
273
deltoid ligament runs from
medial malleolus, navicular, calcaneus
274
fibularis longus supports ______ arch
transverse
275
Open Chain Inversion osteo calcaneus tilts ______ on talus arthro calcaneus tilts ________ on talus
medially laterally
276
Eversion Open Chain osteo calcaneus tilts ________ on talus calcaneus tilts ________ on talus
laterally medially
277
talocrual open chain plantarflexion osteo talus is moving ______ on tib tib arthro talus is moving _____ on tib fib
posteriorly anteriorly
278
talocrual closed chain plantarflexion osteo tib fib moving _____ on talus arthro tib fib moving ______ on talus
posterior posterior
279
talocrual open chain dorsiflexion osteo talus is moving ________/_______ on tib fib arthro talus is moving _________/_______ on tib fib
anterior superior posterior inferior
280
talocrual closed chain osteo tib fib is moving _______/_______ on talus arthro tib fib is moving _________/_______ on talus
anterior superior anterior superior
281
pronation calcaneus _____ and tibia moved ______/_____
abducts medially/ internally
282
supination calcaneus ______ and tibia moves _____/_____
adducts laterally/externally
283
knee flexion muscle- knee extension muscle -
gastro soleus
284
pes anserinus motion
knee flexion and adduction
285
popliteus does ______ rotation
internal
286
joint line is the _______/_______ meniscus
medial/ lateral
287
oblique muscle- arcuate muscle-
semimembranous popliteus
288
open chain extended knee rotates ____ & _____ closed chain extended knee __ movement
medially lateral no
289
closed chain screw home mechanism closed chain extension- femur rotates _____ flexion- femur rotates _____
internally externally
290
open chain screw home mechanism extension- _______ rotates on tibia flexion- _______ rotates on tibia
external internal
291
hip flexion osteo _____ arthro ______ hip extension osteo _______ arthro _____
superior inferior posterior anterior
292
hip abduction osteo ______ arthro _______ hip adduction arthro ____
superior lateral lateral
293
hip rotation osteo ______ arthro _______
lateral inferior
294
anterior talofibular ligament too much pressure ____ on inversion
laterally
295
deltoid ligament too much pressure ____ on eversion
medially

Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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