Exam 3 Flashcards by Kinzi Nolan

shoulder girdle is the _____,_____, and _____

scapula, clavicle, sternum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

scapula attached to trunk _____ anteriorly and glides over _____ posterior rib cage

concave
convex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

posterior rib cage rests on ribs __-__

2-7

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

scapular spine is around __

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

clavicle is the only structure that

connects UE to axial skelton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

clavicle is also called the

collarbone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

clavicle connects to axial skelton at the __________ joint

sternoclavicular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sternum is a ____ bone in the __/____ thorax

flat
mid anterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sternum attached to ______ and _____ ______of ribs

clavicle
costal cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ longest bone in UE

humerus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 parts of sternum

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

parts of clavicle

sternal end
body
acromial end

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glenohumeral joint is made of _____ and ______

humerus and scapula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glenohumeral joint
____(convex) articulates with ____ ____(concave)

head
glenoid fossa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bicipital groove runs between the

tubercles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bicipital groove is where the ____ head of ____ tendon run

long
biceps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

axilla region compression injuries may affect the
_____ _____
_____&______ systems
_______, _______

brachial plexus
artery and venous
muscles tendons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phrenic nerve innervates the _______

diaphragm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

arteries of UE in order

subclavian
axillary
anterior circumflex artery
posterior circumflex artery
brachial
radial / ulnar
anastomoses (collateral circulation)- form arch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anterior circumflex artery
posterior circumflex artery
both primary supplies to the _____ head which can cause No ___ _____

Humeral
blood supply

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A FOOSH injury can be from ______ ______

avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glenohumeral is a __ degrees of freedom
and ___&____ , synovial joint

3
ball and socket

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

convex ____ head, _____ _____ fossa

humeral
concave glenoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thin walled joint capsule in GH joint causes ______,______

subluxation, dislocating
Not stable but mobile

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anterior joint reinforcement supports _____,_____,_____ glenohumeral ligaments

superior middle and inferior

superior joint reinforcement supports

coracohumeral ligament

glenoid labrum lines the ____ ____ and deepens ___ and keeps ____ head in joint

glenoid fossa socket humeral

glenohumeral does action and _________ follows

acromioclavicular

subcutaneous is a ____ nerve

sensory

musculocutaneous nerve innervates

C5-C7

axillary nerve innervates

C5-C6

radial nerve innervates

C5-T1

median nerve innervates

C6-T1

ulnar nerve innervates

C8-T1

acromioclavicular joint ______ process of _____articulates with lateral ____

acromion scapula clavicle

scaption has __ planes of motion

scaption is between the _____ and ____ motion

flexion and abduction

Scaption accessory motion is acromioclavicular and coracoacromial Ligaments due to ______ movements

scapular

acromioclavicular movement between ______ /_____ ______ rotates on the ____

clavicle and scapula clavicle rotates on the scapula

scapular motion stabilizes the _________ joint

acromioclavicular

ligaments of acromioclavicular

acromioclavicular coracoacromial

sternoclavicular is a synovial joint. motion of shoulder ____ and then sternoclavicular follows

girdle

sternoclavicular joint clavicle ___ and sternum ____

moves stationary

ligaments of sternoclavicular

sternoclavicular (sternum- clavicle) costoclavicular (1st rib- sternum) interclavicular (between 2 claviclesg

sternoclavicular is movement of ____ on _____

clavicle on sternum

movements of sternoclavicular are __________,_______,________,________,______

elevation depression protraction retraction rotation

glenohumeral flexion ROM

180

glenohumeral flexion prime movers

anterior deltoid pectoralis major biceps brachii coracobrachialis - Stabilizer

glenohumeral flexion osteo

superior / anterior

glenohumeral extension ROM

glenohumeral extension prime movers

posterior deltoid latissimus doris teres major pectoralis major

glenohumeral extension osteo

posterior

glenohumeral abduction ROM

180

glenohumeral abduction prime movers

supraspinatus middle deltoid

glenohumeral abduction osteo

superior / lateral

glenohumeral adduction ROM

glenohumeral adduction prime movers

pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major

glenohumeral adduction osteo

medial

scaption ROM

180

which joint moves at scaption

acromioclavicular

scapular plane is ___ forward of ____ plane

30 degrees frontal plane

scaption prime movers are

combo between flexors and abductors

glenohumeral internal (medial) rotation ROM

glenohumeral internal (medial) rotation prime movers

subscapularis latissimus dorsi teres major pectoralis major anterior deltoid

glenohumeral internal (medial) rotation osteo

anterior/ medial

glenohumeral external lateral rotation ROM

100

glenohumeral external lateral rotation prime movers

infraspinatus teres minor posterior deltoid

glenohumeral external lateral rotation osteo

posterior / lateral

glenohumeral horizontal abduction ROM

glenohumeral horizontal abduction prime movers

posterior deltoid infraspinatus teres minor

glenohumeral horizontal abduction osteo

posterior

glenohumeral horizontal adduction ROM

130

glenohumeral horizontal adduction osteo

glenohumeral horizontal adduction prime movers

pectoralis major anterior deltoid

scapulothoracic arthrokinematics _____ scapula at ______ fossa ____ posterior thoracic wall

concave subscapular convex

scapular elevation prime movers

upper trapezius levator scapulae rhomboid major rhomboid minor

scapular depression prime movers

lower trapezius pectoralis minor

scapular protraction/ abduction prime movers

serratus anterior pectoralis minor

scapular retraction / adduction prime movers

middle trapezius rhomboid major and minor

scapulothoracic is only ______ and ______ attach here . not true joint

muscles and ligaments

coracoid process on ____

scapula

scapular upward rotation prime movers

serratus anterior upper and lower trapezius

scapular downward rotation prime movers

levator scapula rhomboid major rhomboid minor pectoralis minor

scapular winging is ___border of scapula moves away from thoracic

medial

abnormal scapular winging ___ anterior ___ dysfunction

serratus anterior / trap dysfunction

scapular tipping is _____ angle of scapula moves _____

inferior posteriorly

scapular tipping abnormal

pec minor tightness lower trapezius weakness

acromioclavicular ligament first degree sprain is _____ second degree sprain is _____ and coracoclavicular ligament is ______ third degree sprain both ligaments are _____

stretched ruptured stretched ruptured

shoulder is a __ joint muscle biceps and triceps are a __ joint muscle

1 2

thoracic outlet anatomy _____ middle scalene below _____, 1st____ , _____ minor

anterior clavicle rib pec

thoracic outlet pathophysiology ____scalene triangle, 1st __ -clavicle, below ___ and below pec _____

inner rib clavicle pec minor

thoracic outlet signs / symptoms _______,_____,coldness,_____,weakness

tingling numbness burning

what causes thoracic outlet problems?

compression of nerves, arteries, and veins

ligament injury at AC joint

acromioclavicular seperation

broken bone in children

clavicular fractures

fall on outstretched hand

humeral neck fracture

direct blow/ twisting force — and spinal fracture is in the ____ nerve injury

midhumeral fracture radial

benign tumors/ metastatic carcinoma lungs breast kidney prostate

pathological fractures

forced abduction, lateral rotation dislocated, humeral head anteriorly out of glenoid fossa

anterior shoulder dislocations

hemiplega from stroke no longer able to hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa

glenohumeral subluxation

overuse compression between acromial arch humeral head and soft tissue structures (swimmer’s shoulder)

impingement syndrome

inflammation and fibrosis of capsule leads to pain and loss of shoulder range of motion (frozen shoulder)

adhesive capsulitis

distal tendinous insertions of rotator cuff group on greater/ lesser tubercle of humerus

torn rotator cuff

damage to glenoid labrum limited Rom and pain

labrum tear

inflammation of supraspinatus tendon, accumulation of mineral deposits

calcific tendonitis

long head biceps proximal crosses humeral head changes direction into bicipital groove

bicipital tendonitis

irritation as it slides into groove

subluxing of biceps tendon

overloading the biceps causes it to ___ and ____ rotate

abduct laterally

elbow motions are

flexion and extension

forearm motions are

supination and pronation

lateral epicondyle has what structures

capitulum and radial fossa

medial epicondyle has what structures

trochlea and coronoid fossa

olecranon fossa is ____

posterior

ulna has the ____ process (posterior) _____ process (anterior)

olecranon coronoid

____ notch between trochlea and ulna

trochlear

____ notch where head fits into ulna

radial

radius has the head, ____, and ____ notch

tuberosity ulnar

primary elbow joint is

humeroulnar joint

most motion with humeroulnar joint

flexion/ extension

trochlear ridge articulates with the ______ groove of ____

trochlear ulna

olecranon articulates with the ____ fossa of humerus

olecranon

coronoid process articulates with the ——- fossa of humerus

coronoid

carrying angle females: males :

10-15 5

radiohumeral joint head of ___ articulates with the ____ fossa and ______

radius radial capitulum

forearm joints are

distal radioulnar joint proximal radioulnar joint

proximal radioulnar joint radial head articulates with the ____ notch of ___

radial ulna

distal radioulnar joint ulnar notch of _____articulates with _____head

radius ulnar

motion of radioulnar

pronation and supination

ligaments that have one single capsule

humeroulnar radiohumeral proximal radioulnar

medial collateral ligemanet has ___ portions blends into capsule Limits a ____ stress

3 Valgus

MCL reinforced ____ side of ____

medial capsule

LCL reinforces ________ articulation

radiohumeral

lateral collateral ligament limits a ___ stress

varus

encircles radial head _____ ligament

annular

connects radial head to ulna inside capsule

quadrate ligament

quadrate ligament reinforces proximal ____ joint

radioulnar

______ _______\over use affects common extensor tendon into lateral epicondyle of humerus “_____ elbow”

lateral epicondylitis tennis

______ ________ inflammation of common flexor tendon into medial epicondyle “_____elbow”

medial epicondylitis golfers

____ ____ ____ overuse of medial epicondyle ____ stress on elbow

little league elbow valgus

____ compression, ___ dislocation on little league elbow

lateral medial

under age 5 strong traction of force on arm radial head subluxation under annulur ligament

pulled elbow / nursemaids elbow

great force on elbow when it’s slightly flexed ulna slides posteriorly to distal humerus

elbow dislocation

common fracture in children falling on outstretched hand distal humerus fracture above condyles DANGER to ____ artery

supracondylar fractures brachial

ischemic necrosis of forearm muscles

volkmann’s ischemic contracture

hitting funny bone causes :

ulnar nerve compression

should osteo/ arthro move in a _____ direction

opposite

elbow osteo and arthro move in ____ direction

same

Shoulder movement convex _____ ____ and concave _____ ____

humeral head concave glenoid fossa

coracoid process is on the

scapula

coronoid process is on the humerus

elbow flexion is

150

elbow flexion osteo and arthro

superior and anterior

humeroulnar joint ____ ______ _____ on _____ ____

concave olecranon process convex trochlea

radiohumeral joint ____ ___ ____ on ____ ______

concave radial head on convex capitulum

active insufficient of elbow flexion

elbow flexion shoulder flexion forearm supination

mechanically advantages elbow flexion force shoulder in

extension

passive insufficiency of elbow flexion

shoulder extension elbow extension pronation

pronation of elbow flexion

brachialis

mechanically advantage of brachialis elbow flexion

100

elbow extension is

elbow extension osteo and arthro

posterior

humeroulnar joint ____ _____ _____ on ____ _____

concave olecranon process on convex trochlea

radiohumeral joint ____ ____ ___ on ______ ______

concave radial head on convex capitulum

only what head of triceps cross shoulder

long head

all triceps heads cross posterior

elbow

mechincally advantage of elbow extension elbow extension is from shoulder

flexion

active insufficiency of elbow extension

extension of elbow and shoulder

passive insufficiency of elbow extension

shoulder flexion elbow flexion

in supination and pronation radius always _____ and ulna is always ____

moves stable

forearm supination is

proximal radioulnar joint supination osteo- arthro-

posterior anterior

proximal radioulnar joint ____ ____ ____ on ___ ____ ____ of ____

convex radial head on concave radial notch of ulna

distal radioulnar joint supination osteo arthro

posterior

distal radioulnar joint supination ____ ____ ___ of ____ on ___ ___ ____

concave ulnar notch of radius on convex ulnar head

supinator pulls radius ______

laterally

forearm pronation is

proximal radioulnar joint pronation osteo arthro

anterior posterior

proximal radioulnar joint pronation ____ ____ ___ on _____ ____ ____

convex radial head on concave radial notch

distal radioulnar joint pronation osteo arthro

distal radioulnar joint pronation _____ _____ _____ of _____ on ____ ____ ___

concave ulnar notch of radius on convex ulnar head

elbow flexion / forearm supination natural motion

open door eating- scooping picking up bag turning screw

elbow extension forearm supination prime mover

biceps brachii

elbow extension forearm pronation prime mover

triceps brachii, pronator

elbow extension forearm pronation natural motion

pushing item unscrewing screw pushing back pushing up pushing foof open

elbow extension forearm pronation prime movers

triceps brachii pronators

impingement syndrome strengthen - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, middle and lower trap stretch- subscapularis, pec minor what pushes up humerus ?

deltoids SIT muscles put humerus in better position

forearm supination elbow bent elbow straight

biceps brachii supinator

elbow flex forearm fully pronated -

pronator teres pronator quadratus

forearm in neutral

brachioradialis

forearm fully supinated

supinator biceps brachii

which muscles can you pronate

pronator teres and quadratus brachialis

sliding board transfer shoulder lifting muscles - traps, teres major=normal latissimus dorsi, pec major =reverse action

proximal- distal normal action distal- proximal reverse action

elbow contracting muscles in sliding board _____ chain , concentrically push ___ , eccentrically lower ___

triceps brachii , anconeus closed concentric push up eccentric lower down

impingement syndrome the greater tubercle and acromion ____

compress

impingement syndrome glenohumeral can become impinged during _____ rotation

internal

____ _____ is a loss of blood supply where arteries run in _____ ______( avn )

humerus fracture avascular necrosis

fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus affect the

supraspinatus infraspinatus and teres minor

shoulder motions that are affected with fracture of greater tubersouty of humerus

shoulder external rotation shoulder abduction stabilization of glenohumeral joint

upward rotation stabilizers

upper and lower trap serratus anterior

posterior fracture is compression to ____ nerve

radial

stretch the extensor carpi radial is longus the elbow is placed in ____ wrist is ____

extension flexed

stretch extensor carpi ulnaris the elbow and wrist are in _____

flexion

only muscle that flexed MCP and CMC joints of thumb

flexor pollicus longus

power grip muscle

flexor digitorum superficialis

thumb couldn’t be moved away from palm without

abductor pollicus longus

without function of extensor pollicus brevis the thumb of MCP joint remains

flexed

extensor pollicus longus is used when

clapping

depression is called the

anatomical snuffbox

point middle finger when other fingers are in fist muscle

extensor indicis muscle

extrinsic muscles have proximal attached ___ wrist and distal attachment on ___

below hand

intrinsic muscles have proximal attached at distal ____ bones and function on ___ or fingers

carpal thumb

loss of thumb opposition is caused by damage to ___ nerve referred to as ape hand deformity

median

most important function of hand

thumb opposition flexion, abduction, rotation of thumb

tendons are contained by

extensor retinaculum

flexor retinaculum prevents the tendons to

pull away during wrist flexion

most common bones are fractured at wrist joint are the

scaphoid and radius

radius has the ____ process and ___ and ____ facets

styloid medial and lateral

ulna has ___ head ___ process and _______ disc

ulnar styloid radioulnar

ulna does not articulate with the _____

carpals

concave base of _______ articulate with convex ____

metacarpals carpals

convex head of _______ articulate with concave base _____

metacarpals phalanges

____ head phalanges

convex

carpals are ____

convex

metacarpals and phalanges have a concave _____ but convex ____

base head

radiocarpal distal concave ____ to proximal convex ___

radius carpals

between two carpal row joint

midcarpal

radioulnar disc articulated with

triquetrum

radioulnar disc does

shock absorption and space filler

joint capsule is made up of ____,___ ,____ ___ ___

radius ulna proximal carpal row

volar/ palmar is on the ___ side

dorsal is on the _____ side

posterior

medial collateral ligament limits a

valgus stress

lateral collateral ligament limits a

varus stress

flexor and extensor retinacula keeps ____ ___

tendons down

palmar ligaments are

palmar radiocarpal ulnocarpal

flexor retincula is also used as

transversecarpoligament

Carpometcarpal joint carpals- metacarpals -

convex concave

1st metacarpal- articulates with 2nd metacarpal- articulates with 3rd metacarpal- articulates with 4th and 5th metacarpal articulates with

trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

metacarpophalangeal is also known as

knuckles

Metacarpophalngeal joint ______ _____ articulates with proximal _____ ___

convex metacarpal concave phalanx

convex ____ on concave proximal ____

metacarpal phalanx

thumb has only 1 ___ joint

metacarpophalngeal (condyloid) motions are

flexion extension abduction adduction

interphalangeal motions are

flexion and extension

interphalangeal heads- bases-

convex concave

medial and lateral facets hook on ____

carpals

convex _____ on concave/ convex _____ _ / thumb

trapezium metacarpal 1

carpopmetacarpal CMC is concave of convex depending on what ____

plane

CMC motions

flex ext abd add opposition reposition.

CMC is a ___ joint

saddle

MCP is a ____ joint

condyloid

flex ext bringing thumb towards __, neutral

palm

abd add bringing thumb __ in front and straight ___back to body

up down

opposition/ reposition is a combo of

flexion and abduction

opposition is bringing thumb to all ___

digits

metacapophalangeal and interphalangeal concave - convex -

base head

wrist flexion is

wrist flexors are

flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus long finger flexors

wrist extension is

wrist extensors are

extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris long finger extensors

flexor intrinsic is ___ ____ ____ originates all on ____ epicondyle of humerus

common flexor tendon medial

all extensors are innervated by the

radial nerve

2nd metacarpal does 4-5th metacarpal does

radial deviation ulnar deviation

radial devation is

ulnar devation is

radial devation is

abduction

ulnar devation is

adduction

radial deviation range is smaller because ___ hit sooner less range

carpals

radial devation muscles are

flexor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis

ulnar devation muscles are

flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris

MCP flexion is

MCP extension is

MCP flexion muscles

lumbricals long finger extensors

MCP extensor muscle is

long finger extensors

Flexion Lumbricals cross _____ to the MCP joint

anterior MCP

flexion lumbricals produce ____ flexion

MCP

metacarpophalngeal is ___ interphalangeal is _____ lumbricals are most ____

anterior posterior active

extension lumbricals insert into extensor hood ______ to the IP joints

posterior

Extension lumbricals produce ___ and ___ extension

DIP and PIP

PIP flexion is

100

DIP flexion is

PIP flexion muscle DIP flexion muscles

flexor digitorum superficials flexor digutorum profundus PIP DIP extension all long finger extension

MCP abduction is

MCP adduction is

mcp abduction muscles

dorsal interossei abductor digiti minimi

mcp adduction muscle

palmar interossei

thumb cmc flexion is

mcp flexion is

50-60

IP flexion is

flexion CMC muscles

flexor pollicis longus flexor pollicis brevis

Extension CMC muscles

extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis

thumb cmc abduction is

thumb cmc adduction is

cmc abduction muscles

abductor pollicis longus abductor pollicis brevis - intrinsic

cmc adduction muscle

adductor pollicis

pollicis muscles insert on

metacarpals

abductor pollicis longus is extrinsic and abducts ____

digits 1

snuffbox is thumb _____/ ______ digit in between tendons - scaphoid Muscles for snuffbox:

abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis tendon

flexor pollicis longus is ____ flexion

phalangeal

flexor pollicis brevis is ____flexion

metacarpal

extensor pollicis longus is extension of ___ phalanx

distal

extensor pollicis brevis is extension of ____ phalanx

proximal

abductor pollicis longus is ____ abduction abductor pollicis brevis is _____ abduction

anatomical palmar

intrinsic muscles insert on

metacarpal

intrinsic only distal to ___ it’s in ___

wrist hand

abductor pollicis brevis is intrinsic lateral of _____ _ abduction of ___ _

metacarpal 1 digit 1

adductor pollicis is intrinsic medial of ______ _ and adduction of ____ _

metacarpal 1 digit 1

opposition is strongest with ____ and ____ together. internal surface

pinky thumb

opposition muscles are

opponents pollicis opponents digiti minimi

long extensor extend ___ wrist continued individual digits __-___ extensor digitorum tendon with metacarpals indicis - pollicis - minimi-

2nd 1st 5th

extensor hood mechanism helps maintain _____ of fingers

extension

extensor hood muscles

extensor digitorum lumbricals dorsal interossei palmar interossei

extensor hood recieved __ tendon extensor ____ and extensor ___ ____

5th indicis digiti minimi

primary function of hand is

prehension

muscle most active in cyndlindrical grasp

flexor digitofum superficials

muscle most active in spherical grasp

dorsal interossei

thumb is a ___ nerve injury

median

__ grasp is the tightest

fist

cylinder object grasp

cylindrical grasp

fingers spread grasp ball

spherical grasp

digits 2-5 flex MCP ext IP flex

hook grasp

thumb has no role in

hook grasp

cylindrical grasp is also in ____ _____ adduction

palmar interossei

- tip of thumb tip of finger

tip prehension / pincer grip

pad of thumb or finger

palmar prehension pad to pad

pad of thumb side of finger

lateral prehension

horizontally arches

carpal rows / flexor retinaculum metacarpal head / mcp

arch down the middle length of metacarpals

longitudinally arch

increased grip of fingers - increase power

palmar arch

abd / add with fingers flex/ ext interossei cannot function in finger ___ because ___ insufficiency of finger ___

flexion active flexors

flexor digitorum superficials PIP ___

flexion

flexor digitroum profundus DIP and PIP ____

flexion

strongest between thumb and 5th fingers because both have ____ muscles

opponeus

dynamometer and tenedesis to measure wrist ___

flexion

decreased grip strength with wrist ____

flexion

functional hand position avoids hand getting ___

stiff

functional hand position wrist extension is ulnar devation is finger flexion -mcp -pip -dip

20 10 45 30 10

carpal tunnel anatomical region proximal row of ___ and ___ retinaculum

carpals flexor

carpal tunnels contains _ tendons

carpal tunnel tendons

4 flexor digitorum pollicis 4 flexor digitorum superficialis 1 flexor pollicis longus

symptoms of carpal tunnel

pain numbness tingling burning muscle weakness

treatment carpal tunnel

strengthen thenar muscles stretching flexors - strengthen extensors ice

weakness- atrophy , nerves not going through

thenar waisting

bicipital grove mucscles do what of humerus

internal rotation

scapulohumeral rhythm ___ glenohumeral __ scapular motion after first 30

2 1

palmar arch (prox and distal horizontal and longitudinal arch) supported by

flexor retinaculum

extensor hood mechanism

ex digitorum lumbricals 2 interossei extensor indicis tendon / digiti minimi tendon